Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrewp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Perhaps an extension of *Hrew- (“to tear out, dig out”).^[1] Compare also *h₁reyp- (“to tear, tear down”).

Root[edit]

*Hrewp- (perfective)^[2]^[3]

to break, tear (up)

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hrewp-‎ (25 c, 0 e)

*Hréwp-t ~ *Hrup-ént (athematic root aorist)^[3]
*Hrup-yé-ti (zero-grade yé-present)^[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrupyáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrupyáti
    - Sanskrit: रुप्यति (rúpyati, “to violate, disturb, confound; to suffer violent pain”), लुप्यति (lúpyati, “to confound, confuse, disturb”)
*Hru-né-p-ti ~ *Hru-m-p-énti (nasal-infix present)^[3]
*Hrowp-éye-ti (éye-causative)^[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *raubijaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlawpáyati (“to have/cause physical pain”)^[4]
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hlawpáyati
    - Sanskrit: लोपयति (lopáyati)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hrawpáyati
    - Old Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬏𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬍 (urūpaiieⁱṇtī, 3pl.)
*Hrewp-í-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrawpiš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawpiṣ
    - Sanskrit: रोपि (rópi, “acute or racking pain”)
*Hrewp-(e)h₁-s^[5]
- Proto-Italic: *roupēs
  - Latin: rūpēs (“cliff, crag”) (see there for further descendants)
*Hréwp-o-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hráwpas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hráwpas
    - Sanskrit: रोप (rópa, “disturbing, confusing”), लोप (lópa, “breaking, injury, destruction”)
*Hrowp-éh₂^[6], *Hrowp-óm
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *rupa
    - Bulgarian: ру́па (rúpa)
    - Serbo-Croatian: rȕpa／ру̏па (“hole”)
- Proto-Germanic: *raubō,^[6] ⇒ *raubōną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hrawpám
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawpám
    - Sanskrit: रोप (ropá, “hole, fissure”)
- ^? Proto-Italic: *roupā
  - Latin: rūpa (Apul.)
*Hrowp-ó-s (“plundering, pillage, loot”)^[7]
- Proto-Germanic: *raubaz, *raubą^[7] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hlawpás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hlawpás
    - Sanskrit: लोप (lopá) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hlawpáh
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (lwp /⁠rōb⁠/)
      - ⇒ Middle Persian: [script needed] (lwpk /⁠rōbag⁠/)
*Hrup-tó-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hluptám
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hluptám
    - Sanskrit: लुप्त (luptá, “plunder, loot, disappearance”)
*Hrup-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hluptás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hluptás
    - Sanskrit: लुप्त (luptá, “broken, injured, disappeared”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *ruptos
  - Latin: ruptus (see there for further descendants)
*Hrówp-tro-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hláwptram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hláwptram
    - Sanskrit: लोप्त्र (loptra, “stolen property, loot”)
*Hrewp-i-yo-
- Proto-Tocharian: *krupiye^[8] (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Italic:
  - >? Latin: rupex
- ^? Paleo-Balkan:^[9]
  - Thracian:
    - → Ancient Greek: ῥομφαία (rhomphaía, “Thracian spear”)
  - Albanian: rrufé, -ja (“lightning”)
    - → Bulgarian: рофия (rofija), руфя (rufja, “lightning”)

References[edit]

^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 868
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*reu̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 510-511
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Hraup”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 195-196
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rumpō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 529–530
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*raubō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rauba-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärpiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 174
^ Duridanov, Ivan Vasiliev (1985) “rhomphaia”, in Die Sprache der Thraker [The Language of the Thracians] (Bulgarische Sammlung; 5) (in German), Hieronymus Verlag, →ISBN, page 13

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 868

[2] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[LIV-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*reu̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 510-511

[Cheung-4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Hraup”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 195-196

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “rumpō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 529–530

[Kroonen_raubō-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*raubō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406

[Kroonen_rauba-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*rauba-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 406

[8] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kärpiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 174

[9] Duridanov, Ivan Vasiliev (1985) “rhomphaia”, in Die Sprache der Thraker [The Language of the Thracians] (Bulgarische Sammlung; 5) (in German), Hieronymus Verlag, →ISBN, page 13

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrewp-

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hrewp-

Proto-Indo-European[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Root[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

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