Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brōþēr

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbrɔː.θɛːr/

Noun

*brōþēr m

1. brother

Inflection

r-stemDeclension of *brōþēr (r-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*brōþēr	*brōþriz
vocative	*brōþer	*brōþriz
accusative	*brōþerų	*brōþrunz
genitive	*brōþurz	*brōþrǫ̂
dative	*brōþri	*brōþrumaz
instrumental	*brōþrē	*brōþrumiz

Derived terms

• *brōþurbanô
• *brōþurlausaz
  • West Germanic: *brōþerlaus
• *brōþurlīkaz (“brotherly”)
• *brōþurskapiz (“brotherhood”)
• *fōstrabrōþēr (“foster-brother”)

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *brōþer
  • Old English: brōþor, brōþer, brōþur, brōðer, brōður
    • Middle English: brother
      • English: brother (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder
      • Yola: brover, brower
  • Old Frisian: brōther
    • North Frisian:

      Amrum: bruder

      Föhr: bruler

      Northern Goesharder: (Hoolmer) broor, (Hoorninger) brår

      Southern Goesharder: brööðer

      Hallig: bröör

      Halunder: Bruur

      Mooring: brouder

      Söl'ring: Bröðer

    • Saterland Frisian: Brúur, Brour
    • West Frisian: broer
  • Old Saxon: brōthar
    • Middle Low German: brôder, brûder
      • German Low German: Broder, Broor, Bröör
      • Plautdietsch: Brooda
  • Old Dutch: *bruothar
    • Middle Dutch: broeder
      • Dutch: broeder, broer
        • Afrikaans: broeder, broer
      • Limburgish: broor
  • Old High German: bruoder
    • Middle High German: bruoder
      • Alemannic German: Brüeder, Brueder

        Italian Walser: briöder, bruder, brueder, bröder

      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: pruudar, pruadar

        Mòcheno: pruader

        Northern Bavarian: [ˈb̥rou̯d̥ɐ], [ˈb̥rei̯d̥ɐ]

        Udinese: pruadar, prueder, pruider

      • Central Franconian: Broder, Bruder

        Hunsrik: Bruder

        Luxembourgish: Brudder

      • German: Bruder
      • Rhine Franconian: Bruder

        Frankfurterisch: [pʀuːd̥æ̆], [prɔurə]

        Pennsylvania German: Bruder

      • Vilamovian: brüder
      • Yiddish: ברודער (bruder)
• Old Norse: bróðir
  • Icelandic: bróðir
  • Faroese: bróðir
  • Norn: brui
  • Norwegian Bokmål: bror
  • Elfdalian: bruoðer
  • Old Swedish: brōþir, ᛒᚱᚮᚦᛁᚱ
    • Swedish: broder, bror
  • Old Danish: brōthær
    • Danish: bror, broder
      • Norwegian Bokmål: broder
  • Gutnish: bródar, brór
• Gothic: 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂 (brōþar)
  • Crimean Gothic: bruder