Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swelganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swelk- (“to gulp”), from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to drink, swallow”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswel.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swelganą

1. to gulp, gobble, swallow, devour
2. to revel

Inflection

Conjugation of *swelganą (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swelgō	*swelgaų	—	*swelgai	?
2nd singular	*swilgizi	*swelgaiz	*swelg	*swelgazai	*swelgaizau
3rd singular	*swilgidi	*swelgai	*swelgadau	*swelgadai	*swelgaidau
1st dual	*swelgōz	*swelgaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swelgadiz	*swelgaidiz	*swelgadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swelgamaz	*swelgaim	—	*swelgandai	*swelgaindau
2nd plural	*swilgid	*swelgaid	*swilgid	*swelgandai	*swelgaindau
3rd plural	*swelgandi	*swelgain	*swelgandau	*swelgandai	*swelgaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swalg	*swulgį̄
2nd singular	*swalht	*swulgīz
3rd singular	*swalg	*swulgī
1st dual	*swulgū	*swulgīw
2nd dual	*swulgudiz	*swulgīdiz
1st plural	*swulgum	*swulgīm
2nd plural	*swulgud	*swulgīd
3rd plural	*swulgun	*swulgīn
	present	past
participles	*swelgandz	*swulganaz

Related terms

• *swalgiz
• *swelgą
• *swiljaną
• *swulgiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swelgan
  • Old English: swelgan
    • Middle English: swelgen, swelȝen, swelghen, swelwen, swolȝen, swolwen, swalwen
      • English: swallow
      • Scots: swellie, swelly, swallow
  • Old Saxon: *swelgan (in combinations: farswelgan)
    • Middle Low German: swelgen, swölgen, swolgen
      • German Low German: swögen
  • Old Dutch: *swelgan
    • Middle Dutch: swelgen
      • Dutch: zwelgen
  • Old High German: swelgan, swelhan, swelahan
    • Middle High German: swëlgen
      • German: schwelgen
• Old Norse: svelga, svelgja
  • Icelandic: svelga, svelgja
  • Faroese: svølgja
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: svelgja; (dialectal) svølgje, svægje, svæl, svøl
  • Elfdalian: swega
  • Old Swedish: svælghia, svælgha, svælia
    • Swedish: svälja
  • Old Danish: swælghæ, swæliæ, swælwæ
    • Danish: svælge, svælle
      • Norwegian Bokmål: svelge
    • Scanian: svælla
  • Gutnish: svälge, svölge