Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erh₃-
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Root[edit]
*h₂erh₃-[1]
- to plough
Derived terms[edit]
- *h₂ér-ye-ti (ye-present)[1]
- *h₂érh₃-tro-m (“ard, plough”)
- *h₂érh₃-wr̥ ~ *h₂r̥h₃-wén̥-s (“grain, corn”)[2]
- Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens[3]
- Old Irish: arbor ~ arbae
- *h₂erh₃-wr̥-ih₂ (“cropland”)
- *h₂r̥h₃-wé-reh₂ (“fertile soil”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH
- Sanskrit: उर्वरा (urvárā)
- Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
- Younger Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬁 (uruuarā)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥HwáraH
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HwáraH
- Proto-Celtic: *arwar ~ *arwens[3]
- *h₂erh₃-wós (“arable”)
- (uncertain) *h₂r̥h₃-eh₂ (“fertile soil”)
- Unsorted formations:
- (possibly) Indo-Iranian: *áryas (“Aryan”) (see there for further descendants)
- Latgalian: aramaite (“ploughed field, arable land”)
- Old Armenian: հարաւունք (harawunkʻ) < *h₂erh₃-won-
- Old Armenian: արաւս (araws) (possibly)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) “h₂erh₃-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, page 322ff.
- ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
- Wikander, Ola (2008) Ett träd med vida grenar: de indoeuropeiska språkens historia (in Swedish), Stockholm: Prisma, →ISBN