Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/waraḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *wVraq- (“green”). Cognate with Egyptian jꜣqt (“leeks, vegetables”) and wꜣḏ (“green”), and likely Central Atlas Tamazight ⵡⵔⵉⵖ (wriɣ, “yellow”).

Noun

*waraḳ- m

1. green, greenish
2. yellow
3. leaf

Declension

Declension of *waraḳ-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*waraḳum	*waraḳāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*waraḳim	*waraḳayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*waraḳam
possessive forms
1st person	*waraḳī / *waraḳVya	—	*waraḳVni
2nd person m	*waraḳVka	*waraḳVkumā / *waraḳVkumay	*waraḳVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*waraḳVki		*waraḳVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*waraḳVšu	*waraḳVšumā / *waraḳVšumay	*waraḳVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*waraḳVša		*waraḳVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *waraḳuya for nom. case, *waraḳiya for gen. case, *waraḳaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *waraḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *waraḳuka *waraḳāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *waraḳika *waraḳayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *waraḳaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *waraḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *waraḳuki *waraḳāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *waraḳiki *waraḳayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *waraḳaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒉿𒊏𒄣 (warāqum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: وَرَق (waraq)
      • Egyptian Arabic: ورق (waraʔ)
      • Hijazi Arabic: وَرَق (warag)
      • Maltese: weraq
      • → Afar: warkat
      • → Azerbaijani: vərəq
      • → Georgian: ვარაყი (varaq̇i)
      • → Kazakh: парақ (paraq)
      • → Kyrgyz: барак (barak)
      • → Malay: warkah, warkat
      • → Ottoman Turkish: ورق (varaḳ)

        → Turkish: varak

      • → Persian: ورق (varaq), ورقه (varaqe)
      • → Punjabi: ਵਰਕ (varak)
      • → Somali: warqad
      • → Spanish: ataurique
      • → Uyghur: ۋاراق (waraq)
      • → Uzbek: varaq
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: ירק (yūrāq)
        • Classical Syriac: ܝܽܘܪܴ݁ܩܐ (yurrāqā), ܝܰܪܩܳܐ (yarqā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Biblical Hebrew: יֶרֶק (yérek, yéreq), יָרָק (yɔrɔ́q)
          • → Israeli Hebrew: יֶרֶק (yérek), יָרָק (yarák)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎊𐎗𐎖 (yrq /⁠yaraqu⁠/)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: ወርቅ (wärḳ)
      • → Sidamo: worqe
    • Argobba: ወርቅ
    • Ge'ez: ወርቅ (wärḳ)
    • Harari: ወሪቅ (wärīq)
    • Sebat Bet Gurage: ወርቅ
    • Tigre: ወርቅ (wärḳ)
    • Tigrinya: ወርቂ (wärḳi)