Wiktionary http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.16alpha case-sensitive Media Special Talk User User talk Wiktionary Wiktionary talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Appendix Appendix talk Concordance Concordance talk Index Index talk Rhymes Rhymes talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikisaurus Wikisaurus talk WT WT talk Citations Citations talk 4528 6825201 2009-06-19T04:58:19Z Kasmil 188623 t+sw:[[baridi]] ([[WT:EDIT|Assisted]]) ==English== {{rank|didn't|natural|laid|517|cold|led|low|American}} ===Pronunciation=== * {{a|UK}} {{IPA|/kəʊld/}}, {{SAMPA|/k@Uld/}} * {{a|US}} {{enPR|kōld}}, {{IPA|/koʊld/}}, {{SAMPA|/koUld/}} * {{rhymes|əʊld}} * {{audio|en-us-cold.ogg|Audio (US)}} ===Etymology=== {{etyl|ang}} {{term|cald|lang=ang}}, the Anglian form of West Saxon {{term|ceald|ċeald}}, from {{proto|Germanic|kaldoz}}, a participle form of {{proto|Germanic|kal-|cold|title=}}. Cognate with West Frisian {{term|kâd}}, Dutch {{term|koud}}, German {{term|kalt}}, Swedish {{term|kall}}, Danish {{term|kold}}. ===Adjective=== {{en-adj|er}} # {{context|of a thing}} Having a low [[temperature]]. #: ''A '''cold''' wind whistled through the trees.'' # {{context|of the weather}} Causing the air to be cold. #: ''The forecast is that it will be very '''cold''' today.'' # {{context|of a person or animal}} Feeling the sensation of [[coldness]], especially to the point of discomfort. #: ''She was so '''cold''' she was shivering.'' # Unfriendly, emotionally distant or unfeeling. #: ''She shot me a '''cold''' glance before turning her back.'' # Completely [[unprepared]]; without introduction. #: ''He was assigned '''cold''' calls for the first three months.'' # Deprived of the metaphorical [[heat]] associated with [[life]] or [[consciousness]] #: ''I knocked him out '''cold'''.'' ====Synonyms==== * {{sense|of a thing, having a low temperature}} [[chilled]], [[chilly]], [[freezing]], [[frigid]], [[glacial]], [[icy]], [[cool]] * {{sense|of the weather}} {{qualifier|UK|slang}} [[brass monkeys]], [[nippy]], [[parky]], [[taters]] * {{sense|of a person or animal}} * {{sense|unfriendly}} [[aloof]], [[distant]], [[hostile]], [[standoffish]], [[unfriendly]], [[unwelcoming]] * {{sense|unprepared}} [[unprepared]], [[unready]] * See also [[Wikisaurus:cold]] ====Antonyms==== * {{sense|having a low temperature}} [[baking]], [[boiling]], [[heated]], [[hot]], [[scorching]], [[searing]], [[torrid]], [[warm]] * {{sense|of the weather}} [[hot]] (See the corresponding synonyms of {{term|hot}}.) * {{sense|of a person or animal}} [[hot]] (See the corresponding synonyms of {{term|hot}}.) * {{sense|unfriendly}} [[amiable]], [[friendly]], [[welcoming]] * {{sense|unprepared}} [[prepared]], [[primed]], [[ready]] ====Derived terms==== {{rel-top|Terms derived from the adjective ''cold''}} * [[as cold as ice]], [[cold as ice]] * [[as cold as the grave]], [[cold as the grave]] * [[blow hot and cold]] * [[bring someone out in a cold sweat]] * [[coldness]] * [[cold-blooded]] * [[cold call]] * [[cold comfort]] * [[cold cream]] * [[cold cuts]] * [[cold-eyed]] * [[cold feet]]/[[get cold feet]] * [[cold fish]] * [[cold front]] * [[cold hands, warm heart]] * [[cold-hearted]] * [[cold heart, warm hands]] * [[cold one]] * [[cold-read]] * [[cold reading]] * [[cold snap]] {{rel-mid}} <!--derived from the noun: *[[cold sore]]--> * [[cold start]] * [[cold storage]] * [[cold store]] * [[cold turkey]] * [[cold war]] * [[cold-weld]] * [[come in from the cold]] * [[freezing cold]] * [[get cold feet]] * [[give someone the cold shoulder]] * [[in cold blood]] * [[in the cold light of day]] * [[leave someone cold]] * [[leave someone out in the cold]] * [[make one's blood run cold]] * [[stone-cold]] * [[throw cold water on]] {{rel-bottom}} ====Translations==== {{trans-top|having a low temperature}} * [[Afrikaans]]: [[koud]] * Albanian: {{t-|sq|ftohtë|xs=Albanian}} * Arabic: {{Arab|[[بارد]]}} (bārid) * Armenian: [[սառը]] (saṙë) * {{trreq|Balinese}} * [[Basque]]: [[hotz]] * [[Bavarian]]: [[koid]] * Bengali: [[শীত]], [[শৈত্য]], [[হৈম]] * Bosnian: {{t-|bs|hladan|m}} * [[Breton]]: {{t+|br|yen|xs=Breton}} * Bulgarian: {{t+|bg|студен|sc=Cyrl}} * {{trreq|Burmese}} * [[Catalan]]: [[fred#Catalan|fred]] {{m}} * [[Chamicuro]]: {{tø|ccc|me'sawa}} * Chinese: [[冷的]] (lěng de) * Croatian: {{t-|hr|hladan|alt=hládan}}, {{t-|hr|studen|alt=stùden}} * Czech: {{t-|cs|studený}} * Danish: {{t+|da|kold}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|koud}}, {{t+|nl|koude}}, {{t+|nl|fris}}, {{t-|nl|frisse}}, {{t+|nl|koel}}, {{t-|nl|koele}} * Esperanto: {{t-|eo|malvarma|xs=Esperanto}} * Estonian: [[külm]] * Faroese: {{t-|fo|kaldur|xs=Faroese}}, {{t-|fo|kølin|xs=Faroese}} * [[Fijian]]: [[batabata]] * Finnish: {{t+|fi|kylmä}} * French: {{t+|fr|froid|m}} * Georgian: [[ცივი]] (tsivi) * German: {{t+|de|kalt}} * Greek: {{t+|el|κρύος|m|tr=krýos|sc=Grek}} * [[Guaraní]]: [[ro'y]] * [[Gujarati]]: [[ઠંડું]] * Hawaiian: [[anu]], [[anuanu]], [[koʻekoʻe]], [[huʻihuʻi]] * Hebrew: [[קר]] (qar) {{m}} <!-- Non-lemma forms do not belong in translation tables: [[קרה]] (qara) {{f}} --> * Hindi: [[ठंडा]] (tthandā) * Hungarian: {{t+|hu|hideg}} * Icelandic: {{t+|is|kaldur}} * [[Ido]]: {{t|io|kolda}} * [[Ilocano]]: [[ék]] * Indonesian: {{t+|id|dingin|xs=Indonesian}} * [[Interlingua]]: [[frigide]] * Irish: [[fuar]], [[dearóil]] * Italian: {{t+|it|freddo|m}}, {{t+|it|gelato|m}}, {{t-|it|gelido|m}} * Japanese: [[冷たい]] ([[つめたい]], tsumetai) * {{trreq|Kannada}} * [[Khmer]]: {{Khmr|[[រងា]]}} (rəŋīə) * Korean: {{t+|ko|찬|tr=chan|sc=Hang}}, {{t+|ko|차다|tr=chada|sc=Hang}}, {{t+|ko|춥다|tr=chupda|sc=Hang}} {{i|for suffering}} * Kurdish: {{ku-Arab|[[سارد]]}} {{trans-mid}} * Latin: {{t-|la|algidus|m}}, {{t+|la|frigidus|m}} * Latvian: [[auksts]], [[nosalis]], [[vēss]], [[vienaldzīgs]], [[vājš]] * Lithuanian: [[šaltas]], [[abejingas]], [[nesvetingas]], [[silpnas]], [[nežymus]], [[neveikiantis]], [[šiaurus]] * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|студен|m|tr=stúden|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}}, {{t|mk|ладен|m|tr=láden|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * Malay: {{t+|ms|sejuk|xs=Malay}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[തണുത്ത]], [[ഇളം ചാരനിറമുളള]], [[കഠിനമായ]], [[ബോധമില്ലാത്ത]], [[ശീതളമായ]], [[സന്തോഷമില്ലാത്ത]] * Maori: [[kōpeke]], [[mātao]], [[hōtoke]], [[māeke]], [[makariri]], [[anu]] * [[Marathi]]: [[थंड]] (thanda) * {{trreq|Nepali}} * Norwegian: {{t+|no|kald}} * [[Occitan]]: [[freid]] * {{trreq|Oriya}} * Persian: {{fa-Arab|[[سرد]]}} (sard) * [[Pitjantjatjara]]: [[wari]] * Polish: {{t+|pl|zimny|m}} * Portuguese: {{t+|pt|frio|m}} * [[Punjabi]]: [[ਠਂਡਾ]] * [[Romani]]: {{tø|rom|shilalo|m}} * Romanian: {{t-|ro|frig}}, {{t-|ro|rece}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|холодный|tr=xolódnyj|sc=Cyrl}} * Samoan: [[maalili]] * Sanskrit: [[शीत]] * [[Santali]]: {{tø|sat|ᱥᱤᱛᱳᱞ|tr=sitol|sc=Olck}} * [[Scots]]: [[cauld]] * [[Scottish Gaelic]]: [[fuar]] * Serbian: *: Cyrillic: [[хладан#Serbian|хладан]] {{m}}, [[студен]] {{m}} *: Roman: [[hladan#Serbian|hladan]] {{m}}, [[studen]] {{m}} * Slovene: [[mrzel]] {{m}} <!-- Non-lemma adjective forms do not belong in translation tables: [[mrzla]] {{f}}, [[mrzlo]] {{n}} --> * Spanish: {{t+|es|frío|m}} * Swahili: {{t+|sw|baridi|xs=Swahili}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|kall}} * [[Tagalog]]: [[lamig]] * {{trreq|Tahitian}} * [[Tamil]]: [[குளுழு]], [[பணி]] * [[Telugu]]: [[శీతల]], [[చల్లని]] * Thai: {{Thai|[[เย็น]]}} (yen) * Tibetan: [[གར་ང མོ]] * Tongan: [[mokomoko]] * [[Tupinambá]]: [[ro'y]] * Vietnamese: {{t+|vi|lạnh|xs=Vietnamese}}, {{t+|vi|lạnh lẽo|xs=Vietnamese}}, {{t+|vi|nguội|xs=Vietnamese}} * Welsh: {{t-|cy|oer|xs=Welsh}} * [[West Frisian]]: [[ferkâldzjen]], [[kjeld]], [[kâld]] * Yiddish: [[קאַלט]] (kalt) {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|of the weather}} * Armenian: [[ցուրտ]] (c'urt) * Croatian: {{t-|hr|hladan|alt=hládan}}, {{t-|hr|studen|alt=stùden}} * French: {{sense|to be cold}} {{t-|fr|faire froid}} {{i|idiom in French; there is no translation for the adjective alone}} * Greek: {{sense|it is cold}} {{t-|el|κάνει κρύο|tr=kánei krúo|sc=Grek}} {{i|idiom in Greek; there is no translation for the adjective alone}} {{trans-mid}} * Japanese: [[寒い]] ([[さむい]], samui) * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|студено|n|tr=stúdeno|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}}, {{t-|mk|ладно|n|tr=ládno|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * Norwegian: {{t|no|kaldt}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|холодно|tr=xólodno|sc=Cyrl}} * [[Scots]]: [[cauld]] * Swahili: {{t|sw|baridi}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|of a person}} * Croatian: {{t-|hr|hladan|alt=hládan}} * French: {{sense|to be cold}} {{t-|fr|avoir froid}} {{i|idiom in French; there is no translation for the adjective alone}} * Italian: {{sense|to be cold}} {{t-|it|avere freddo}} {{i|idiom in Italian; there is no translation for the adjective alone}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|ладен|m|tr=láden|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * Norwegian: {{t+|no|kald}} * Polish: {{t-|pl|przeziębiony|m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|unfriendly}} * Armenian: [[սառը]] (saṙë) * [[Catalan]]: [[fred]] * Croatian: {{t-|hr|hladan|alt=hládan}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|koud}}, {{t-|nl|afstandelijk}}, {{t+|nl|koel}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|kylmä}}, {{t-|fi|kalsea}} * French: {{t+|fr|froid|m}} * German: {{t-|de|kaltherzig}} * [[Interlingua]]: [[frigide]] * Italian: {{t+|it|freddo|m}} * Japanese: [[つれない]] (tsurenai), [[冷たい]] ([[つめたい]], tsumetai) {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|ладен|m|tr=láden|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * Norwegian: {{t+|no|kald}} * Polish: {{t-|pl|chłodny|m}}, {{t-|pl|oziębły|m}} * Portuguese: {{t+|pt|frio|m}} * Serbian: {{t-|sr|hladan|m}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|kall}} * [[Tagalog]]: [[malamíg]], [[manlamíg]] * [[Telugu]]: [[ప్రఛ్ఛన్న]] * Vietnamese: {{t|vi|lạnh lùng|xs=Vietnamese}} * Welsh: [[anghynnes]], [[oeraidd]] {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|unprepared}} * Croatian: {{t|hr|nepripremljen|alt=neprìprēmljen}} * Dutch: {{t-|nl|onvoorbereid}} * Esperanto: {{t-|eo|malafabla|xs=Esperanto}} * Finnish: [[kylmiltään]] {{i|[[predicative]]}} * French: {{t+|fr|froid|f}} {{trans-mid}} * German: jemanden [[kalt erwischen]] * Norwegian: {{t+|no|kald}} * Polish: {{t-|pl|nieprzygotowany}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|неприготовленный|tr=neprigotóvlennyj|sc=Cyrl}} * Serbian: [[nespreman]] {{m}}, [[nepripremljen]] {{m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{checktrans}} * {{ttbc|Breton}}: [[yen#Breton|yen]] (1, 2) * {{ttbc|Chinese Characters}}: [[冷]]; [[寒]]; [[凚]]; [[凍]], [[冻]]; [[滄]], [[沧]]; [[隂]]; [[凔]]; [[凄]], [[淒]]; [[凓]] * {{ttbc|Malayalam}}: [[തണുത്ത]], [[ഇളം ചാരനിറമുളള]], [[കഠിനമായ]], [[ബോധമില്ലാത്ത]], [[ശീതളമായ]], [[സന്തോഷമില്ലാത്ത]] ===Noun=== {{en-noun}} # A condition of low [[temperature]]. #: ''Come in, out of the '''cold'''.'' # {{medicine}} A common, usually harmless, [[viral]] [[illness]], usually with [[congestion]] of the [[nasal]] [[passage]]s and sometimes [[fever]]. #: ''I caught a miserable '''cold''' and had to stay home for a week.'' ====Synonyms==== * {{sense|low temperature}} [[coldness]] * {{sense|illness}} [[common cold]], [[coryza]], [[head cold]] ====Derived terms==== {{rel-top|Terms derived from the noun ''cold''}} * [[catch cold]] * [[catch one's death of cold]] * [[cold sore]] {{rel-mid}} * [[cold virus]] * [[common cold]] * [[head cold]] {{rel-bottom}} ====Translations==== {{trans-top|low temperature}} * Armenian: [[սառնություն]] (saṙnut'yun), [[ցուրտ]] (c'urt) * Bosnian: {{t-|bs|zima|f}}, {{t-|bs|hladnoća|f}} * Chinese: [[寒冷]] (hán lěng) * Croatian: {{t-|hr|hladnoća|f|alt=hladnòća}}, {{t-|hr|studen|f|alt=stȕdēn}}, {{t+|hr|zima|f|alt=zíma}} * Czech: {{t+|cs|zima|f}}, {{t-|cs|chlad|m}} * Danish: {{t-|da|kulde|c}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|koude|m}}, {{t+|nl|kou|m}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|kylmyys}}, {{t+|fi|pakkanen}}, {{t+|fi|kylmä}} * French: {{t+|fr|froid|m}} * German: {{t+|de|Kälte|f}} * Hungarian: {{t+|hu|hideg}} * [[Interlingua]]: [[frigido]] * Italian: {{t+|it|freddo|m}}, {{t-|it|gelo|m}} * Kurdish: {{ku-Arab|[[سارد]]}} * Lithuanian: [[vėsa]] {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|студ|m|tr=stud|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * Polish: {{t+|pl|zimno|n}} * Portuguese: {{t+|pt|frio|m}} * [[Romani]]: {{tø|rom|shil|m}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|холод|m|tr=xólod|sc=Cyrl}} * [[Scottish Gaelic]]: [[fuachd]] {{m}} * Serbian: *: Cyrillic: [[зима#Serbian|зима]] {{f}}, [[хладноћа#Serbian|хладноћа]] {{f}} *: Roman: [[zima#Serbian|zima]] {{f}}, [[hladnoća#Serbian|hladnoća]] {{f}} * Slovene: {{t+|sl|mraz|m}}, {{t-|sl|hlad|m}} * Spanish: {{t+|es|frío|m}} * Swahili: {{t|sw|baridi}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|kyla|c}}, {{t-|sv|köld|c}} * [[Tagalog]]: [[kalamigán]] * [[Telugu]]: [[శీతలం]] * Welsh: {{t-|cy|oerfel|xs=Welsh}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|illness}} * Armenian: [[հարբուխ]] (harbux) * Chinese: [[感冒]] (gǎnmào) * Croatian: {{t-|hr|prehlada|f|alt=prȅhlada}}, {{t-|hr|hunjavica|f|alt=húnjavica}} * Czech: {{t-|cs|nachlazení|n}} * Danish: {{t-|da|forkølelse|c}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|verkoudheid|f}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|nuha}}, {{t-|fi|vilustuminen}} * French: {{t+|fr|rhume|m}} * German: {{t+|de|Erkältung|f}}, {{qualifier|Austrian}} {{t-|de|Verkühlung|f}} * Hungarian: {{t+|hu|megfázás}}, {{t+|hu|meghűlés}}, {{t-|hu|nátha}} * Icelandic: {{t+|is|kvef|n}} * Irish: {{t-|ga|slaghdán|m|xs=Irish}} * Italian: {{t+|it|raffreddore|m}}, {{t+|it|influenza|f}} * Japanese: [[風邪]] ([[かぜ]], kaze), [[感冒]] (かんぼう, kanbō) * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|настинка|f|tr=nástinka|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} {{trans-mid}} * Norwegian: {{t|no|forkjølelse|m}} * Polish: {{t-|pl|przeziębienie|n}} * Portuguese: {{t+|pt|resfriado|m}}, {{t+|pt|constipação|f}}, {{t+|pt|gripe|f}}, {{t-|pt|gripa|f}} * [[Romani]]: {{tø|rom|trozna|f}} * Romanian: {{t-|ro|gripă|f}}, {{t-|ro|răceală|f}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|простуда|f|tr=prostúda|sc=Cyrl}} * [[Scottish Gaelic]]: [[cnatan]] {{m}} * Serbian: {{t-|sr|prehlada|f}} * Slovene: {{t+|sl|prehlad|m}} * Spanish: {{t+|es|resfriado|m}}, {{t+|es|constipación|f}}, {{t+|es|gripe|f}}, {{t+|es|gripa|f}} * Swedish: {{t-|sv|förkylning|c}} * [[Tagalog]]: [[sipón]] * [[Telugu]]: [[జలుబు]] * Vietnamese: {{t|vi|cảm|xs=Vietnamese}} * Welsh: {{t-|cy|annwyd|xs=Welsh}} {{trans-bottom}} ===Adverb=== {{en-adv}} # While at low temperature. #: ''The steel was processed '''cold'''. # Without [[preparation]]. #: ''The speaker went in '''cold''' and floundered for a topic.'' # With [[finality]]. #: ''I knocked him out '''cold'''.'' ===Anagrams=== * [[clod]] ===See also=== * [[cool]] * [[fresh]] * [[lukewarm]] * [[tepid]] [[Category:1000 English basic words]] [[ang:cold]] [[ar:cold]] [[zh-min-nan:cold]] [[de:cold]] [[et:cold]] [[el:cold]] [[es:cold]] [[fa:cold]] [[fr:cold]] [[fy:cold]] [[gd:cold]] [[ko:cold]] [[hy:cold]] [[io:cold]] [[id:cold]] [[it:cold]] [[kk:cold]] [[ku:cold]] [[lo:cold]] [[lt:cold]] [[hu:cold]] [[nl:cold]] [[ja:cold]] [[pl:cold]] [[pt:cold]] [[ru:cold]] [[simple:cold]] [[fi:cold]] [[sv:cold]] [[ta:cold]] [[te:cold]] [[th:cold]] [[vi:cold]] [[tr:cold]] [[uk:cold]] [[zh:cold]]