Wiktionary http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.16alpha case-sensitive Media Special Talk User User talk Wiktionary Wiktionary talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Appendix Appendix talk Concordance Concordance talk Index Index talk Rhymes Rhymes talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikisaurus Wikisaurus talk WT WT talk Citations Citations talk 35367 6962883 2009-07-10T08:59:59Z Rose Waswa 128689 t+mer:[[mutharaba]] ([[WT:EDIT|Assisted]]) {{also|cross-}} ==English== ===Etymology=== {{etyl|enm}} from {{etyl|ang}} {{term|cros||cross, rood|lang=ang}} from {{etyl|non}} ''[[kross]]'', perhaps from {{etyl|sga}} ''[[cros]]'' (Welsh ''[[croes]]'', Gaelic ''[[crois]]''), from {{etyl|la}} ''[[crux]]''. Cf Icel ''[[kross]]'', Dan ''[[kors]]'' "cross" ===Pronunciation=== * {{a|RP}} {{IPA|/krɒs/}}, {{SAMPA|/krQs/}} (''also, especially formerly'' {{IPA|/krɔːs/}}, {{SAMPA|/krO:s/}}) * {{a|US}} {{enPR|kräs}}, {{IPA|/krɑs/}}, {{SAMPA|/krAs/}} * {{audio|en-us-cross.ogg|Audio (US)}} *: {{rhymes|ɒs}} ===Noun=== {{en-noun|es}} # A geometrical figure consisting of two straight [[line]]s or [[bar]]s [[intersecting]] each other such that at least one of them is [[bisect]]ed by the other. # {{heraldiccharge}} Any geometric figure having this or a simlilar shape, such as a [[cross of Lorraine]] or a [[Maltese cross]]. # A [[wooden]] [[post]] with a [[perpendicular]] [[beam]] attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to [[execute]] [[criminal]]s (by [[crucifixion]]). # (''usually with'' the) The cross on which [[Christ]] was [[crucify|crucified]]. # A hand [[gesture]] made by Christians in [[imitation]] of the shape of the Cross. # {{Christianity}} A representation or copy of the crucifixion cross, worn as jewellery or displayed as a symbol of [[religious]] [[devotion]]. # (''figurative, from Christ's bearing of the cross'') A [[difficult]] [[situation]] that must be [[endure]]d. #: ''It's a cross I must bear.'' # {{biology}} Animal or plant produced by crossbreeding or cross-fertilization. # {{boxing}} a [[hook]] thrown over the opponent's [[punch]] # {{football}} A [[kick]] in which the ball travels from one side of the pitch to the other # A place where [[road]]s intersect and lead off in four directions; a [[crossroad]] (common in UK and Irish place names such as ''Gerrards Cross''). ====Synonyms==== * {{sense|production of cross-breeding or -fertilization}} [[hybrid]] * {{sense|cross on which Christ was crucified}} [[True Cross]] ====Derived terms==== {{rel-top3|Terms derived from the noun "cross"}} * [[Celtic cross]] * [[crossroads]] * [[cross-stitch]] {{rel-mid3}} * [[Latin cross]] * [[left cross]] * [[Maltese cross]] {{rel-mid3}} * [[True Cross]] * [[right cross]] {{rel-bottom}} ====Related terms==== * [[crouched]] ====Translations==== {{trans-top|geometrical figure}} * Albanian: [[kryq]] {{m}} * Armenian: [[խաչ]] (xač) * [[Bavarian]]: {{tø|bar|Greiz}} * Bosnian: {{t-|bs|krst|m}} * [[Catalan]]: [[creu]] {{f}} * Croatian: {{t-|hr|križ|m}} * Czech: {{t-|cs|kříž|m}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|kruis|n}} * Esperanto: {{t-|eo|kruco|xs=Esperanto}} * Estonian: {{t-|et|rist}} * Finnish: [[risti]], [[rasti]] (''like X'') * French: {{t+|fr|croix|f}} * German: {{t+|de|Kreuz|n}} * Greek: {{t+|el|σταυρός|m|sc=Grek}} * Hungarian: {{t+|hu|kereszt}} * Icelandic: {{t+|is|kross|m}} {{trans-mid}} * Italian: {{t+|it|croce|f}} * Latin: {{t-|la|crux|f}} * Latvian: [[krusts]] {{n}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t-|mk|крст|m|tr=k'rst|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[കുരിശ്]] (kuriSu) * Norwegian: {{t-|no|kryss|n}} * Old English: {{t-|ang|cruc|alt=crūċ|xs=Old English}} * Polish: {{t+|pl|krzyż|m}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|крест|m|tr=kr'est|sc=Cyrl}} * [[Scottish Gaelic]]: [[crois]] * Spanish: {{t+|es|cruz|f}} * Swahili: {{t|sw|msalaba}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|kors|n}}, {{t+|sv|kryss|n}} * [[Telugu]]: {{t|te|శిలువ|sc=Telu}} (Siluva) * Ukrainian: [[хрест]] {{m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|in heraldry}} * Armenian: [[խաչ]] (xač) * Finnish: {{t+|fi|risti}} * French: {{t+|fr|croix|f}} * German: {{t+|de|Kreuz|n}} * Greek: {{t+|el|σταυρός|m|sc=Grek}} * Italian: {{t+|it|croce|f}} * Latvian: [[krusts]] {{n}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t-|mk|крст|m|tr=k'rst|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[കുരിശ്]] (kuriSu) * Polish: {{t+|pl|krzyż|m}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|крест|m|tr=kr'est|sc=Cyrl}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|kors|n}} * [[Telugu]]: {{t|te|శిలువ|sc=Telu}} (Siluva) * Ukrainian: [[хрест]] {{m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|wooden post with a perpendicular beam, used for crucifixion}} * Aramaic: *: Syriac: [[ܨܠܝܒܐ]] (Ṣlīwā, Ṣlīwo) {{m}} *: Hebrew: [[צליבא]] (Ṣlīwā, Ṣlīwo) {{m}} * Armenian: [[խաչ]] (xač) * Dutch: {{t+|nl|kruis|n}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|risti}}, {{t-|fi|ristinpuu}} * French: {{t+|fr|croix|f}} * German: {{t+|de|Kreuz|n}} * Greek: {{t+|el|σταυρός|m|sc=Grek}} * Italian: {{t+|it|croce|f}} {{trans-mid}} * Latin: {{t-|la|crux|f}} * Latvian: [[krusts]] {{n}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[കുരിശ്]] (kuriSu) * [[Meru]]: {{tø|mer|mutharaba}} * Norwegian: {{t+|no|kors|n}} * Old English: {{t-|ang|cruc|alt=crūċ|xs=Old English}}, {{t+|ang|rod|alt=rōd|xs=Old English}} * Polish: {{t+|pl|krzyż|m}} * Swahili: {{t|sw|msalaba}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|kors|n}} * [[Telugu]]: {{t|te|శిలువ|sc=Telu}} (Siluva) * Ukrainian: [[хрест]], {{m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|'''''definite'': the cross on which Christ was crucified'''}} * Armenian: [[խաչ]] (xač) * Finnish: {{t+|fi|risti}}, {{t-|fi|ristinpuu}} * French: {{t+|fr|croix}} * German: {{t+|de|Kreuz|n}} * Greek: {{t+|el|σταυρός|m|sc=Grek}} * Latin: {{t-|la|Crux|f}} * Latvian: [[krusts]] {{n}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|распетие|n|tr=raspétie|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[കുരിശ്]] (kuriSu) * [[Meru]]: {{tø|mer|mutharaba}} * Old English: {{t+|ang|rod|alt=rōd|xs=Old English}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|крест|m|tr=kr'est|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|ru|распятие|n|tr=rasp'átije|sc=Cyrl}} * Swahili: {{t|sw|msalaba}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|korset|n}} * Ukrainian: [[розп'яття]] {{f}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|gesture made by Christians}} * Armenian: [[խաչ]] (xač) * Dutch: [[kruis]] {{n}}, [[kruisteken]] {{n}} * Finnish: [[ristinmerkki]], [[risti]] * French: {{t+|fr|signe de croix}} * Greek: {{t+|el|σταυρός|m|sc=Grek}} * Latvian: [[krusts]] {{n}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|крстење|n|tr=k'rstenje|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[കുരിശ്]] (kuriSu) * Polish: [[znak]] [[krzyż]]a {{m}} * Russian: [[крест]] (kr'est) {{m}}, [[крестное знамение]] (kr'éstnoje znám'enije) {{n}} * Swahili: {{t|sw|msalaba}} * Swedish: [[kors]] {{n}}, [[korstecken]] {{n}} * Ukrainian: [[хресне знамення]] {{n}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|''figuratively'': difficult situation}} * German: {{t+|de|Kreuz|n}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[കുരിശ്]] (kuriSu), [[വിഷമ സ്ഥിതി]] (vishama sthhithi) {{trans-mid}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|крест|m|tr=kr'est|sc=Cyrl}} * Swedish: [[lidande]] {{n}}, [[kors]] {{n}}, [[plåga]] {{c}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|biology: animal or plant produced by crossbreeding or cross-fertilization}} * Greek: {{t+|el|διασταύρωση|f|sc=Grek}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|помесь|f|tr=póm'es'|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t+|ru|гибрид|m|tr=gibríd|sc=Cyrl}} {{trans-mid}} * Swedish: [[blandning]] {{c}}, [[hybrid]] {{c}}, [[korsning]] {{c}}, [[korsningsprodukt]] {{c}}, [[mellanting]] {{n}} * [[Telugu]]: [[సంకరము]] (saMkaramu) {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|football kick}} * Italian: {{t+|it|diagonale}} {{trans-mid}} {{trans-bottom}} {{checktrans}} * {{ttbc|Ido}}: [[kruco]] ===Adjective=== {{en-adj|er}} # [[transverse|Transverse]]; lying across the main direction. #: ''At the end of each row were '''cross''' benches which linked the rows.'' # {{archaic}} Opposite, opposed to. #: ''His actions were perversely '''cross''' to his own happiness.'' # {{context|now|_|rare}} [[opposing|Opposing]], [[adverse]]; being contrary to what one would hope or wish for. #* '''1621''', Robert Burton, ''The Anatomy of Melancholy'', New York Review of Books, 2001, p. 50: #*: As a fat body is more subject to diseases, so are rich men to absurdities and fooleries, to many casualties and '''cross''' inconveniences. # [[bad-tempered|Bad-tempered]], [[angry]], [[annoyed]]. #: ''She was rather '''cross''' about missing her train on the first day of the job.'' ====Synonyms==== * {{sense|opposite to}} [[contrarily]], [[opposed]], [[reverse]], [[antipodal]] * {{sense|mildly angry}} [[angry]], [[annoyed]], [[irritated]] ====Derived terms==== {{rel-top3|Terms derived from the adjective "cross"}} * [[cross cut]] * [[cross-examine]] * [[crossly]] {{rel-mid3}} * [[cross-multiplication]] * [[crosspatch]] * [[cross purposes]] {{rel-mid3}} * [[cross-section]] * [[cross-wise]] {{rel-bottom}} ====Translations==== {{trans-top|opposite, opposed to}} * Dutch: [[tegenwerkend]], [[tegenwerkende]] * Finnish: {{t-|fi|vastakkainen}}, {{t-|fi|käänteinen}} {{trans-mid}} * Swahili: {{t|sw|msalaba}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|angry, annoyed}} * Dutch: [[geërgerd]], [[geërgerde]] * Finnish: {{t+|fi|vihainen}}, {{t-|fi|ärtynyt}} * German: [[verärgert]] {{trans-mid}} * Italian: {{t+|it|irritato}}, {{t+|it|arrabbiato}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|arg}}, {{t+|sv|ond}}, {{t+|sv|sur}} {{trans-bottom}} ===Preposition=== '''cross''' # [[Across]] #: ''190 mile '''cross''' country walk'' ===Verb=== {{en-verb|cross|es}} # {{transitive}} To go from one side of (something) to the other. #: ''Why did the chicken '''cross''' the road?'' # {{intransitive}} To [[travel]] in a [[direction]] or path that will intersect with that of another. #: ''Ships '''crossing''' from [[starboard]] have right-of-way.'' # {{transitive}} To [[contradict]] (another) or [[frustrate]] the plans of. #: ''"You'll rue the day you tried to '''cross''' me, Tom Hero!" bellowed the villain.'' # (''reflexive'' '''to cross oneself''') To make the sign of the cross over oneself. # {{context|cricket|reciprocally}} Of both batsmen, to pass each other when running between the [[wicket]]s in order to score [[run]]s. # {{biology}} to cross-fertilize or crossbreed''' # {{legal}} to conduct a [[cross examination]]; to question a [[hostile witness]] # {{football}} To pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side. ====Synonyms==== * {{sense|to cross-fertilize or crossbreed}} [[cross-fertilize]], [[crossbreed]] ====Derived terms==== {{rel-top3|Terms derived from the verb "cross"}} * [[crossing]] * [[cross off]] * [[cross one's arms]] * [[cross one's fingers]] * [[cross one's heart]] {{rel-mid3}} * [[cross one's legs]] * [[cross out]] * [[cross over]]<!--phrasal verb--> * [[crossover]]<!--noun--> * [[cross paths]] {{rel-mid3}} * [[cross someone's palm]] * [[cross the aisle]] * [[crossword]] {{rel-bottom}} ====Translations==== {{trans-top|go from one side of something to the other}} * [[Ainu]]: [[トモツ゜イェ]] (tomotuye) * Arabic: {{t+|ar|عبر|tr=3abara|sc=Arab}} * Chinese: {{zh-tsp|過|过|guò}}, {{zh-tsp|橫渡|横渡|héngdù}}, {{zh-zh-p|渡|dù}} * Czech: {{t-|cs|přecházet}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|oversteken}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|ylittää}} (''a narrow thing''), {{t+|fi|mennä}} {{t+|fi|yli}} (''a narrow thing''), {{t+|fi|mennä}} {{t-|fi|poikki}} (''e.g., a room'') * French: {{t+|fr|traverser}} * German: {{t+|de|kreuzen}} * Italian: {{t+|it|attraversare}} * Japanese: {{t-|ja|渡る|tr=[[わたる]], wataru|sc=Jpan}} * Korean: [[건너다]] (geonneoda) {{trans-mid}} * Kurdish: {{ku-Arab|[[په‌ڕاندن]]}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|преминува|tr=premínuva|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}}, {{t|mk|преодува|tr=preóduva|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}}, {{t|mk|пресекува|tr=presékuva|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * [[Malayalam]]: [[കടക്കുക]] (katakkuka) * Norwegian: {{t|no|krysse}} * Persian: {{fa-Arab|[[عرض چیزی را طی کردن]]}} * Portuguese: {{t+|pt|atravessar}} * Russian: {{t|ru|пересекать|tr=peresekát’|sc=Cyrl}} {{impf}}, {{t|ru|пересечь|tr=pereséč’|sc=Cyrl}} {{pf}}, {{t|ru|переходить|tr=perexodít’|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|ru|перейти|tr=perejtí|sc=Cyrl}} * Spanish: {{t-|es|atravesar}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|korsa}} * [[Telugu]]: {{t|te|దాటు|tr=daaTu|sc=Telu}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|travel in a direction or path that will intersect with that another}} * Dutch: {{t-|nl|kruisen}} * Finnish: {{t-|fi|ristetä}} * French: {{t+|fr|croiser}} * German: {{t+|de|kreuzen}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|пресекува|tr=presékuva|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} * Spanish: {{t+|es|cruzar}} * Swedish: {{t|sv|korsa}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|contradict or frustrate the plans of}} * Dutch: {{t-|nl|doorkruisen}} * Finnish: {{t|fi|astua tielle}}, {{t-|fi|sekaantua}} * French: {{t+|fr|contrecarrer}}, {{t+|fr|déjouer}} {{trans-mid}} * German: {{t+|de|kreuzen}} (''plan''), {{t+|de|konterkarieren}}, {{t|de|hintergehen}} (''person'') * Italian: {{t+|it|intralciare}}, {{t+|it|ostacolare}} * Swedish: {{t|sv|förhindra}}, {{t|sv|gäcka}}, {{t+|sv|gå}} i {{t|sv|vägen}} för, {{t|sv|korsa}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|make the sign of the cross over oneself}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|tehdä}} {{t|fi|ristinmerkki}} * French: [[faire le signe de croix]] * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|крсти|tr=k'rsti|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}}, {{t|mk|прекрстува|tr=prek'rstuva|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} {{trans-mid}} * Russian: {{t|ru|креститься|tr=krestít’s’a|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|ru|перекреститься|tr=perekrestít’s’a|sc=Cyrl}} * Swedish: {{t+|sv|göra}} {{t|sv|korstecknet}} * [[Yup'ik]]: {{tø|esu|puusuq}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|in cricket}} {{trans-mid}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|biology: to cross-fertilize or crossbreed}} * Finnish: {{t-|fi|risteyttää}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|вкрстува|tr=vk'rstuva|sc=Cyrl|xs=Macedonian}} {{trans-mid}} * Russian: {{t|ru|скрещивать|tr=skréščivat’|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|ru|скрестить|tr=skrestít’|sc=Cyrl}} * Swedish: {{t|sv|korsa}} {{trans-bottom}} [[Category:English prepositions]] [[Category:Heraldic charges]] ---- ==Italian== ===Noun=== '''cross''' {{m}} {{inv}} # [[motocross]] # [[#English|cross]] (boxing punch) [[Category:Italian nouns]] [[ang:cross]] [[ar:cross]] [[ca:cross]] [[de:cross]] [[et:cross]] [[el:cross]] [[es:cross]] [[fa:cross]] [[fr:cross]] [[gl:cross]] [[io:cross]] [[it:cross]] [[sw:cross]] [[ku:cross]] [[lt:cross]] [[hu:cross]] [[nl:cross]] [[ja:cross]] [[oc:cross]] [[pl:cross]] [[ru:cross]] [[simple:cross]] [[fi:cross]] [[sv:cross]] [[ta:cross]] [[te:cross]] [[th:cross]] [[vi:cross]] [[zh:cross]]