Wiktionary http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Main_Page MediaWiki 1.16alpha case-sensitive Media Special Talk User User talk Wiktionary Wiktionary talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Appendix Appendix talk Concordance Concordance talk Index Index talk Rhymes Rhymes talk Transwiki Transwiki talk Wikisaurus Wikisaurus talk WT WT talk Citations Citations talk 4208 6890774 2009-06-26T14:12:51Z Icedlake 215056 t+it:[[arrestare]] ([[WT:EDIT|Assisted]]) {{also|STEM}} ==English== {{wikipedia}} ===Pronunciation=== * {{enPR|stĕm}}, {{IPA|/stɛm/}}, {{SAMPA|/stEm/}} *: [[Rhymes:English:-ɛm|Rhymes:-ɛm]] ===Etymology 1=== {{etyl|ang}} {{term|stemn}}, {{term|stefn|lang=ang||stem, trunk (of a tree)}}, from {{proto|Germanic|stamniz}}. ====Noun==== {{en-noun}} # {{botany}} The above-ground [[stalk]] (''technically'' [[axis]]) of a vascular [[plant]], and certain anatomically similar, below-ground [[organ]]s such as [[rhizome]]s, [[bulb]]s, [[tuber]]s, and [[corm]]s. # A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogue the shaft of a feather. # A narrow part on certain man-made objects, such as a [[wine]] [[glass]], a tobacco pipe, a spoon. # {{linguistic morphology}} The main part of an [[uninflected]] word to which [[ending]]s may be added to form [[inflection]]s of the word. # {{typography}} A vertical stroke of a letter. # {{music}} A vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music. # {{nautical}} The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the [[keel]], to which the forward ends of the planks or [[strake]]s are attached. =====Derived terms===== {{rel-top|terms derived from ''stem (noun)''}} * [[brain stem]] * [[stem cell]] {{rel-mid}} * [[stemplot]] {{rel-bottom}} =====Translations===== {{trans-top|botany: above-ground stalk of a vascular plant}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|stam|m}}, {{t-|nl|stengel|m}}, {{t+|nl|steel|m}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|varsi}}, {{t-|fi|runko}} * German: {{t+|de|Stamm|m}} * Italian: {{t+|it|ceppo|m}} * Japanese: {{qualifier|flower|glass}} {{t+|ja|茎|tr=kuki|sc=Jpan}}; {{qualifier|trunk}} {{t+|ja|幹|tr=miki|sc=Jpan}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|страк|m|tr=strak|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|mk|стебло|n|tr=stéblo|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|mk|дршка|f|tr=d'rška|sc=Cyrl}} * Russian: [[ствол]] (stvol) {{m}} ''of a tree'', [[стебель]] (st'éb'el') {{m}} * [[Swahili]]: {{t|sw|shina}} * Swedish: [[stjälk]] {{c}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|slender supporting member for an individual part of a plant}} * Finnish: [[vana]], [[kukkavana]], [[kukkavarsi]], [[lehtiruoti]] * Italian: {{t+|it|gambo|m}}, {{t-|it|picciolo|m}}, {{t+|it|peduncolo|m}}, {{t+|it|stelo|m}} * Japanese: {{qualifier|flower}} {{t+|ja|茎|tr=kuki|sc=Jpan}}; {{qualifier|leaf|feather}} {{t+|ja|軸|tr=jiku|sc=Jpan}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|страк|m|tr=strak|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|mk|стебло|n|tr=stéblo|sc=Cyrl}}, {{t|mk|дршка|f|tr=d'rška|sc=Cyrl}} {{trans-mid}} * Russian: [[черенок]] (čerenók) {{m}} ''of a leaf or fruit'', [[цветоножка]] (cv'etonóžka) {{f}} ''of a flower'', [[плодоножка]] (plodonóžka) {{f}} ''of a fruit'' {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|narrow supporting structure on certain man-made objects}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|jalka}}, {{t+|fi|varsi}}, {{t+|fi|kanta}} * Italian: {{t+|it|gambo|m}}, {{t+|it|stelo|m}} * Japanese: {{qualifier|wine glass|tobacco pipe}} {{t+|ja|軸|tr=jiku|sc=Jpan}}; {{qualifier|spoon}} {{t+|ja|柄|tr=e|sc=Jpan}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|дршка|f|tr=d'rška|sc=Cyrl}} * Russian: [[стержень]] (st'éržen’) {{m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|linguistics: main part of a word}} * Czech: {{t+|cs|kmen|m}} * Dutch: {{t+|nl|stam|m}} * Finnish: {{t-|fi|vartalo}} * German: {{t+|de|Wortstamm|m}} * Italian: {{t+|it|radice|f}}, {{t+|it|radicale|m}}, {{t-|it|tema|m}} {{trans-mid}} * Japanese: {{t|ja|語幹|tr=gokan|sc=Jpan}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|основа|f|tr=ósnova|sc=Cyrl}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|основа|f|tr=osnóva|sc=Cyrl}} * Swedish: [[ordstam]] {{c}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|typography: vertical stroke of a letter}} * Finnish: [[pystyviiva]] {{trans-mid}} * Russian: {{t+|ru|ножка|f|tr=nóžka|sc=Cyrl}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|music: vertical stroke of a symbol representing a note in written music}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|varsi}} * Italian: {{t+|it|asta|f}}, {{t+|it|gamba|f}} {{trans-mid}} * Swedish: [[notskaft]] {{n}} {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|nautical: forward vertical extension of the keel}} * Danish: [[stævn]] * Finnish: [[keulavannas]], [[kokkapuu]], [[steevi]] {{trans-mid}} * French: {{t+|fr|étrave|f}} * Italian: {{t|it|prua}} * Russian: [[нос]] (nos) {{m}}, [[форштевень]] (forštév'en') {{m}} {{trans-bottom}} {{checktrans-top}} * {{ttbc|Chinese}}: [[茎]] (jìng); [[詞根]], [[词根]] (cí gēn) * {{ttbc|French}}: [[tige]] {{f}} (1), [[radical]] (3) * {{ttbc|German}}: [[Stiel]] {{m}} (2) * {{ttbc|Greek}}: [[μίσχος]] (mískhos) {{m}} * {{ttbc|Hebrew}}: [[גבעול]] (giv'ol) {{m}} * {{ttbc|Korean}}: [[줄기]] (julgi) * {{ttbc|Portuguese}}: [[haste]] {{m}} * {{ttbc|Spanish}}: [[vástago]] {{m}}, [[tallo]] {{m}} * {{ttbc|Swedish}}: [[stam]] {{c}} (5); [[skaft]] {{n}} (2,7); [[fot]] {{c}} (3,4); [[stapel]] {{c}} (6) {{trans-bottom}} ===Etymology 2=== < {{etyl|enm}} {{term|stemmen}} < {{etyl|non}} {{term|stemma|lang=non||to stop, stem, dam}} ( > Danish {{term|stemme|lang=da}}/{{term|stæmme||to stem, dam up}}), cognate with German {{term|stemmen|lang=de}}; see [[stammer]]. ====Verb==== {{en-verb|stem|m|ing}} # To [[descend]] in a family line. # To be [[cause|caused]] or [[derive|derived]]; to originate. #: ''The current crisis '''stems''' from the short-sighted politics of the previous government.'' # To [[take out]] the stem from something. # To [[stop]], hinder (for instance, a river or blood). #* stem a tide # {{skiing}} To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn. =====Synonyms===== * {{sense|to originate|stem from}} to be [[due to]], to [[arise]] from * See also [[Wikisaurus:hinder]] =====Translations===== {{trans-top|to descend}} * Czech: {{t-|cs|pocházet}} * Finnish: {{t-|fi|polveutua}} * Italian: {{t+|it|discendere}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|потекнува|tr=potéknuva|sc=Cyrl}} * Russian: [[происходить]] (proisχodít') {{impf}}, [[произойти]] (proizojtí) {{pf}} * Swedish: [[stamma]] {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|to be caused}} * Finnish: [[olla peräisin]], [[johtua]], [[aiheutua]], [[periytyä]] * Italian: [[derivare]] da * Japanese: {{t|ja|発端とする|tr=hottan to suru|sc=Jpan}} {{trans-mid}} * [[Macedonian]]: {{t|mk|потекнува|tr=potéknuva|sc=Cyrl}} * Russian: [[происходить]] (proisχodít') {{impf}}, [[произойти]] (proizojtí) {{pf}} * Swedish: [[stamma]], [[härstamma]], [[härröra]] {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|to take out the stem from something}} * Finnish: [[poistaa]] [[varsi]] {{trans-mid}} * Swedish: [[härleda]], [[ta]] [[ut]] [[stam]] {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|to stop, hinder}} * Finnish: [[padota]], [[seisauttaa]], [[tyrehdyttää]] * Italian: {{t|it|arrestare}} * Japanese: {{t|ja|堰止める|tr=sekitomeru|sc=Jpan}} {{trans-mid}} * Swedish: [[stoppa]], [[hejda]], [[hindra]], [[stämma]], [[dämma]] {{trans-bottom}} {{trans-top|skiing: to point the skis inward}} * Finnish: {{t+|fi|aurata}} * Italian: [[aprire]] lo [[spazzaneve]] {{trans-mid}} * Japanese: {{t|ja|シュテム|tr=shutemu|sc=Jpan}} {{trans-bottom}} ===External links=== * {{R:Webster 1913}} * {{R:Century 1911}} * {{R:Online Etymology Dictionary|stem}} ---- ==Dutch== ===Pronunciation=== * {{audio|Nl-stem.ogg|audio}} ===Noun=== {{nl-noun|g1=f|g2=m|stemmen|stemmetje}} # [[voice]] ===Verb=== '''stem''' # {{nl-verb-form|p=first|n=singular|t=present tense|stemmen}} # {{nl-verb-form|m=imperative|stemmen}} [[ar:stem]] [[bg:stem]] [[et:stem]] [[el:stem]] [[fa:stem]] [[fr:stem]] [[io:stem]] [[id:stem]] [[it:stem]] [[sw:stem]] [[ku:stem]] [[hu:stem]] [[nl:stem]] [[pt:stem]] [[ru:stem]] [[simple:stem]] [[fi:stem]] [[sv:stem]] [[ta:stem]] [[te:stem]] [[vi:stem]] [[tr:stem]] [[uk:stem]] [[vo:stem]] [[zh:stem]]