chromosome

English

Wikipedia

An illustration of chromosome, with its parts. (1) Chromatid. One of the two identical parts of the chromosome after S phase. (2) Centromere. The point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach. (3) Short arm (4) Long arm.

Etymology

19th century: from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khroma, “colour”) + σῶμα (“body”) (because they are stained under the microscope).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA: /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌsəʊm/, X-SAMPA: /"kr@U.m@%s@Um/
• (US) IPA: /ˈkɹoʊməˌsoʊm/, X-SAMPA: /"kroUm@%soUm/

Noun

chromosome (plural chromosomes)

1. (biology, cytology) A structure in the cell nucleus that contains DNA, histone protein, and other structural proteins.

Derived terms

• chromosomal
• isochromosome
• X chromosome
• Y chromosome

Translations

structure in the cell nucleus

• Arabic: كروموسوم (ar) (krumusuum) m
• Armenian: քրոմոսոմ (hy) (k’romosom)
• Asturian: cromosoma (ast) m
• Catalan: cromosoma (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 染色體 (cmn), 染色体 (cmn) (rǎnsètǐ)

• Czech: chromozom (cs) m
• Danish: kromosom (da)
• Dutch: chromosoom (nl) n
• Esperanto: kromosomo (eo)
• Estonian: kromosoom (et)
• Finnish: kromosomi (fi)
• French: chromosome (fr) m
• Galician: cromosoma (gl) m
• German: Chromosom (de) n
• Greek: χρωμόσωμα (el) (khromósoma) n
• Hebrew: כרומוזום (he)
• Hindi: गुणसूत्र (hi) (guṇasūtra), गुण सूत्र (hi) (guṇa sūtra)
• Icelandic: litningur (is) m

• Indonesian: kromosom (id)
• Italian: cromosoma (it) m
• Japanese: 染色体 (ja) (せんしょくたい, senshokutai)
• Korean: 염색체 (ko) (yeomsaekchae) (染色體 (ko))
• Polish: chromosom (pl)
• Portuguese: cromossoma (pt) m (Portugal), cromossomo (pt) m (Brazil)
• Romanian: cromozom (ro) m
• Russian: хромосома (ru) (xromosóma) f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: хромозом (sh)

  Roman: hromozom (sh)

• Slovak: chromozóm (sk) m
• Spanish: cromosoma (es) m
• Swedish: kromosom (sv) c
• Thai: โครโมโซม (th) (khormosom)
• Turkish: kromozom (tr)
• Vietnamese: chất sinh sắt (vi), nhiểm sắc thể (vi)
• Welsh: cromosom (cy) m

External links

• chromosome in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913
• chromosome in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911
• chromosome at OneLook Dictionary Search

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French

Etymology

19th century: chromo- + -some, from German Chromosom, ultimately from Ancient Greek χρῶμα (khroma, “colour”) + σῶμα (“body”) (because they are stained under the microscope).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /kʁɔ.mɔ.zɔm/, X-SAMPA: /kRO.mO.zOm/
• Homophone: chromosomes
• Hyphenation: chro‧mo‧some

Noun

chromosome m (plural chromosomes)

1. (biology, cytology) chromosome

Derived terms

• chromosomique
• hétérochromosome

Holonyms

• caryotype

Hyponyms

• autosome
• chromoïde
• gonosome

Meronyms

• chromatide