dzīsla

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See also: dzīslā

Latvian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Baltic *gīsla (or perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀ(s)lāˀ[1]), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷi-, *gʷey- (< *gʷeyh₃- “to live”) with an extra -la (ancient Indo-European cultures often linked the idea of “life”, “being alive” with visible blood vessels and tendons).[2]

Pronunciation[edit]

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Noun[edit]

dzīsla f (4th declension)

  1. (anatomy) blood vessel (vein, artery)
    asinis rit dzīslāsblood flows in the veins
    mūsu dzīslas ne jau ūdens silts, / karstas asinis ar sirdi runāin our blood vessels not cold water, / but hot blood speaks with the heart
  2. (botany) leaf vein (part of the leaf vascular system or venation)
    viss augs (driģene) pūkains, vainaglapas ar violetām dzīslāmthe whole plant (henbane) is fluffy, with petals with violet veins
    lāpu krāsa kāpostiem pelēki zaļa... lapām lielas dzīslasthe color of cabbage leaves (is) grayish-green... the leaves (have) large veins
  3. (geology) vein (a rock-filled crack or fissure on the Earth's crust)
    dzīslu iežifissure rock (the kind of rock that fills fissures)
    rūdu dzīslasore veins
    Volīnijā pēdējā laikā atrastas pegmatīta dzīslas ar unikāliem vīna dzelteniem topāza kristāliemin Volhynia pegmatite veins with unique wine yellow topaz crystals were recently found
  4. (anatomy) sinew, tendon (fibrous tissue connecting a muscle to its bone)
    es sastiepu kājas dzīsluI sprained (my) leg tendon
    zemnieks brīnīdamies staipīja savus neveiklos, sastrādātos pirkstus, dzīslas džerkstēja ar nepatīkam skaņuwith wonderment, the peasant stretched his clumsy, overworked fingers, (his) tendons producing an unpleasant noise

Usage notes[edit]

In the sense of "blood vessel", dzīsla is a non-technical, colloquial word, more likely to be found in emotive or poetic expressions while vēna and artērija are more technical and typical of scientific discourse (like English arteries when compared to veins).

Declension[edit]

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Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 562
  2. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “dzīsla”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN