extraneus

Latin

Etymology

extrā (“outside”) +‎ -āneus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ekˈstraː.ne.us/, [ɛkˈs̠t̪räːneʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ekˈstra.ne.us/, [ekˈst̪räːneus]

Adjective

extrāneus (feminine extrānea, neuter extrāneum); first/second-declension adjective

1. foreign
2. strange

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number	Singular				Plural
Case / Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	extrāneus	extrānea	extrāneum		extrāneī	extrāneae	extrānea
Genitive	extrāneī	extrāneae	extrāneī		extrāneōrum	extrāneārum	extrāneōrum
Dative	extrāneō		extrāneō		extrāneīs
Accusative	extrāneum	extrāneam	extrāneum		extrāneōs	extrāneās	extrānea
Ablative	extrāneō	extrāneā	extrāneō		extrāneīs
Vocative	extrānee	extrānea	extrāneum		extrāneī	extrāneae	extrānea

Noun

extrāneus m (genitive extrāneī); second declension

1. foreigner
2. stranger; outsider
   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.27.2:

     Laudet tē aliēnus, et nōn os tuum: extrāneus, et nōn labia tua.

     • 1752 translation by Douay-Rheims, Challoner rev.

       Let another praise thee, and not thy own mouth: a stranger, and not thy own lips.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	extrāneus	extrāneī
Genitive	extrāneī	extrāneōrum
Dative	extrāneō	extrāneīs
Accusative	extrāneum	extrāneōs
Ablative	extrāneō	extrāneīs
Vocative	extrānee	extrāneī

Descendants

• Aromanian: striin
• Asturian: estrañu
• Corsican: stranieru
• Old French: estrange
  • Middle French: estrange
    • French: étrange
  • Norman: êtrangi
  • → Middle English: straunge, strang, strange, stranghe, straunche, straunge, strong, stronge, strounge
    • English: strange
    • Scots: streenge, strynge
• Friulian: strani
• Italian: strano
• Lombard: strani
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: estrany
  • Occitan: estranh
• Piedmontese: stran
• Old Galician-Portuguese: estranno
  • Galician: estraño
  • Portuguese: estranho
• Romanian: străin
• Sicilian: stranu
• Old Spanish: estranno
  • Spanish: extraño
• Venetian: stranio
• → Proto-Brythonic: *estrọn (see there for further descendants)
• → English: extraneous (learned)
• → Italian: estraneo (semi-learned)

References

• “extraneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “extraneus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• extraneus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• extraneus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.