folyik
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Ugric *pᴕlɜ- (“to stream bubbling”) + -ik.[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
folyik
- (intransitive) to flow
- Active-voice counterpart: folyat
- (intransitive) to go on (to continue in extent)
Usage notes[edit]
This verb is called a pseudo-ik verb, as its -ik ending presents itself only in the 3rd-person singular (indicative present) form, but it is not an -ik verb in any other aspect. As a result, it cannot take the -om/-em/-öm ending in the 1st-person singular (indicative present) form, even in the most erudite style, only -ok/-ek/-ök. Naturally, the optional -m ending cannot appear, either, in their subjunctive or conditional 1st-person singular forms, so only -jak/-jek and -nék is possible in these respective forms. These verbs include the following: bomlik, (el)bújik, (meg)érik, (le)folyik, (össze)gyűlik, hazudik, (le)hull(ik), (bele)/(oda)illik, (meg)jelenik, (el)kopik, (el)múlik, ömlik, (meg)születik, (meg)szűnik, (meg)telik, tojik, (el)törik, (el)/(fel)tűnik, (el)válik, and (el)züllik. (Ki)nyílik partially belongs here, as it cannot take the first-person -om ending but it can take the third-person -jék.
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of folyik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | folyok | folysz | folyik | folyunk | folytok | folynak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | folytam | folytál | folyt | folytunk | folytatok | folytak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. folyni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | folyék or folyám |
folyál | folya or folyék |
folyánk | folyátok | folyának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. folyik vala, folyt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | folyandok (or folyandom) |
folyandasz (or folyandol) |
folyand (or folyandik*) |
folyandunk | folyandotok | folyandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | folynék (or folynám) |
folynál | folyna (or folynék*) |
folynánk | folynátok | folynának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. folyt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | folyjak | folyj or folyjál |
folyjon or folyjék |
folyjunk | folyjatok | folyjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. folyt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | folyni | folynom | folynod | folynia | folynunk | folynotok | folyniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| folyás | folyó | folyt | ― | folyva (folyván) | |||||
potential conjugation of folyik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | folyhatok | folyhatsz (or folyhatol) |
folyhat (or folyhatik) |
folyhatunk | folyhattok | folyhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | folyhattam | folyhattál | folyhatott | folyhattunk | folyhattatok | folyhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | folyhaték or folyhatám |
folyhatál | folyhata or folyhaték |
folyhatánk | folyhatátok | folyhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. folyhat vala, folyhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | folyhatandok or folyandhatok (or folyhatandom or folyandhatom) |
folyhatandasz or folyandhatsz (or folyhatandol or folyandhatol) |
folyhatand or folyandhat (or folyhatandik or folyandhatik*) |
folyhatandunk or folyandhatunk |
folyhatandotok or folyandhattok |
folyhatandanak or folyandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | folyhatnék (or folyhatnám) |
folyhatnál | folyhatna (or folyhatnék*) |
folyhatnánk | folyhatnátok | folyhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. folyhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | folyhassak (or folyhassam) |
folyhass or folyhassál |
folyhasson (or folyhassék) |
folyhassunk | folyhassatok | folyhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. folyhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (folyhatni) | (folyhatnom) | (folyhatnod) | (folyhatnia) | (folyhatnunk) | (folyhatnotok) | (folyhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (folyhatva / folyhatván) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Entry #1832 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- ^ folyik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading[edit]
- folyik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN