gan

See also gān, gán, gǎn, gàn, gần, gån, and Gan

English

Etymology 1

See gin

Verb

gan

1. Simple past of gin.

Etymology 2

From Old English gān (“to go”).

Alternative forms

• gang (eye dialect)

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɡæn/

Verb

gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gannin, simple past went, past participle gone)

1. (Northumbrian and archaic) To go.

References

• The New Geordie Dictionary, Frank Graham, 1987, ISBN 0946928118
• Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin, [1]
• Todd's Geordie Words and Phrases, George Todd, Newcastle, 1977[2]
• A List of words and phrases in everyday use by the natives of Hetton-le-Hole in the County of Durham, F.M.T.Palgrave, English Dialect Society vol.74, 1896, [3]
• Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4[4]
• A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, ISBN 1904794165

Anagrams

• AGN
• ANG
• nag
• NGA

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cen (“besides; without”), from Proto-Celtic *kina (“besides”); compare Welsh am-gen (“otherwise”), Breton ken (“otherwise”).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA: [ɡɑn̪ˠ]
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA: [ɡan̪ˠ]

Preposition

gan

1. without
2. not (in conjunction with a verbal noun)

Usage notes

Triggers lenition of b, c, g, m, p on unmodified nouns, e.g. gan phingin "without a penny". Does not trigger lenition on modified nouns, e.g. gan pingin ina phóca "with a penny in his pocket". In the meaning "not", does not trigger lenition on either a verbal noun or on the direct object of the verbal noun, e.g. gan ceannach "not to buy", gan pingin a shaothrú "not to earn a penny".

Unlike most Irish prepositions, gan is followed by the nominative case of nouns, not the dative, and it does not form prepositional pronouns: gan an t-arán "without the bread", gan mé "without me".

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Japanese

Romanization

gan

1. See がん

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Kurdish

Verb

gan (present stem -gê-)

1. to have sex with somebody, to fuck somebody

Noun

gan gender unspecified

1. having sex, fucking

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Lojban

Rafsi

gan

1. rafsi of ganra.

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Low German

Alternative forms

• gahn

Etymology

From Old Saxon gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰēh₁- (“to leave”). Cognate with Dutch gaan, German gehen, English go, West Frisian gean, Danish gå.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /gɔːn/, gɒːn/

Verb

gan

1. (in some dialects, including Low Prussian) to go

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Mandarin

Romanization

gan

1. Nonstandard spelling of gān.
2. Nonstandard spelling of gán.
3. Nonstandard spelling of gǎn.
4. Nonstandard spelling of gàn.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Chinese speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Chinese language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰēh₁- (“to leave”). Compare Old Saxon gān, Old English gān, Old Frisian gān, Old High German gān, gēn, Old Norse gá.

Verb

gān

1. to go

Conjugation

Conjugation of gān

indicative	present	preterite
1st person singular	gā	geng
2nd person singular	gest	gengi
3rd person singular	get	geng
1st person plural	gān	gengun
2nd person plural	gāt	gengut
3rd person plural	gānt	gengun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	gā	gengi
2nd person singular	gās(t)	gengis(t)
3rd person singular	gā	gengi
1st person plural	gān	gengin
2nd person plural	gāt	gengit
3rd person plural	gān	gengin
imperative	present	—
singular	gā
plural	gāt
participle	present	past
	gangandi	gegangon

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: gaen
  • Dutch: gaan

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰēh₁- (“to leave”). The verb was defective in Germanic and may only have existed in the present tense. Cognate with Old Frisian gān (West Frisian gean), Old Saxon gān (Saxon/Low German gan, gahn), Old Dutch gān (Dutch gaan), Old High German gān, gēn (German gehen), Old Norse gá (Danish and Swedish gå).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɡɑːn/

Verb

gān (irregular)

1. to go

Conjugation

Conjugation of gan (irregular)

indicative	present	preterite
1st-person singular	gā	ēode
2nd-person singular	gǣst	ēodest
3rd-person singular	gǣþ	ēode
plural	gāþ	ēodon
subjunctive	present	preterite
singular	gā	ēode
plural	gān	ēoden
imperative
singular	gā
plural	gāþ
participle	present	past
	gangende	gān, (ġe)gangen

Descendants

• Middle English: gon, goo
  • English: to go
  • Scots: gan

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Old Frisian

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰēh₁- (“to leave”). Compare Old English gān, Old Saxon gān, Old Dutch gān, Old High German gān, gēn, Old Norse gá.

Verb

gān

1. to go

Conjugation

Conjugation of gān

indicative	present	preterite
1st person singular	gā	geng
2nd person singular	gēst	gengest
3rd person singular	gēth	geng
plural	gāth	gengun
subjunctive	present	past
singular	gāe	genge
plural	gāe(n)	genge(n)
imperative
singular	gā
plural	gāth
participle	present	past
	gānde, gangande	(e)gangen

Descendants

• West Frisian: gean

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Old Saxon

Alternative forms

• gangan

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰēh₁- (“to leave”). Compare Old English gān, Old Dutch gān, Old Frisian gān, Old High German gān, gēn, Old Norse gá.

Verb

gān

1. to go

Conjugation

Conjugation of gān

indicative	present	preterite
1st person singular	*gā	geng
2nd person singular	*gēs	gengi
3rd person singular	gēd	geng
plural	*gād	gengun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	*gāe	gengi
2nd person singular	*gāes	gengis
3rd person singular	*gāe	gengi
plural	*gāen	gengin
imperative	present	—
singular	*gā
plural	*gād
participle	present	past
	gāndi	(gi)gangan

Descendants

• Low German: gahn, gan

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Scots

Alternative forms

• gae
• gang

Etymology

From the Old English gān (“to go”).

Verb

tae gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gan, simple past went or wett, past participle been)

1. Present participle of gan (“to go”).

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Scottish Gaelic

Pronoun

gan

1. them (direct object)

   A bheil sibh gan creidsinn? - Do you believe them?

Usage notes

• Before words beginning with b, f, m or p gam is used instead.

Related terms

• ga
• gad
• gam
• gar
• gur
• iad

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Turkmen

Noun

gan

1. blood

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Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese, from 肝 ("liver")

Noun

gan

1. liver

Derived terms

• gan béo (foie gras)
• gan ngỗng béo (foie gras)

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Volapük

Noun

gan (plural gans)

1. (male or female) goose

Declension

declension of gan

	singular	plural
nominative	gan	gans
genitive	gana	ganas
dative	gane	ganes
accusative	gani	ganis
predicative	ganu	ganus
vocative	o gan!	o gans!

Derived terms

• ganablöt
• ganafoad
• ganafoadabastet
• ganalecek
• ganaleplüm
• ganamit
• gananäst
• gananög
• ganapüladil
• ganaskin
• ganigaledan
• ganihigaledan
• ganijigaledan
• ganil
• ganül
• higan
• higanül
• jigan
• jiganül
• nifagan
• nifaganül
• nifahigan
• nifajigan

Related terms

• barnig

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Welsh

Noun

gan

1. Mutated form of can.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
can	gan	nghan	chan

Preposition

gan

1. with

Usage notes

See Geiriadur.net for more information.