manuteneo

Latin

Alternative forms

• manu teneo

Etymology

Univerbation of manū (“in/by the hand”) +‎ teneō (“to hold”), one of the meanings being "to hold fast". Appears to underlie numerous Western Romance forms, but unknown in southern varieties and not attested in this use until the 11th century, therefore likely to be a calque of the Romance forms themselves.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ma.nuːˈte.ne.oː/, [mänuːˈt̪ɛneoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ma.nuˈte.ne.o/, [mänuˈt̪ɛːneo]

Verb

manūteneō (present infinitive manūtenēre, perfect active manūtenuī, supine manūtentum); second conjugation (Medieval Latin)

1. to support, uphold, maintain
2. to carry on, continue
3. to keep, preserve
4. to hold in custody, detain

Conjugation

Conjugation of manūteneō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	manūteneō	manūtenēs	manūtenet	manūtenēmus	manūtenētis	manūtenent
	imperfect	manūtenēbam	manūtenēbās	manūtenēbat	manūtenēbāmus	manūtenēbātis	manūtenēbant
	future	manūtenēbō	manūtenēbis	manūtenēbit	manūtenēbimus	manūtenēbitis	manūtenēbunt
	perfect	manūtenuī	manūtenuistī	manūtenuit	manūtenuimus	manūtenuistis	manūtenuērunt, manūtenuēre
	pluperfect	manūtenueram	manūtenuerās	manūtenuerat	manūtenuerāmus	manūtenuerātis	manūtenuerant
	future perfect	manūtenuerō	manūtenueris	manūtenuerit	manūtenuerimus	manūtenueritis	manūtenuerint
passive	present	manūteneor	manūtenēris, manūtenēre	manūtenētur	manūtenēmur	manūtenēminī	manūtenentur
	imperfect	manūtenēbar	manūtenēbāris, manūtenēbāre	manūtenēbātur	manūtenēbāmur	manūtenēbāminī	manūtenēbantur
	future	manūtenēbor	manūtenēberis, manūtenēbere	manūtenēbitur	manūtenēbimur	manūtenēbiminī	manūtenēbuntur
	perfect	manūtentus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	manūtentus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	manūtentus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	manūteneam	manūteneās	manūteneat	manūteneāmus	manūteneātis	manūteneant
	imperfect	manūtenērem	manūtenērēs	manūtenēret	manūtenērēmus	manūtenērētis	manūtenērent
	perfect	manūtenuerim	manūtenuerīs	manūtenuerit	manūtenuerīmus	manūtenuerītis	manūtenuerint
	pluperfect	manūtenuissem	manūtenuissēs	manūtenuisset	manūtenuissēmus	manūtenuissētis	manūtenuissent
passive	present	manūtenear	manūteneāris, manūteneāre	manūteneātur	manūteneāmur	manūteneāminī	manūteneantur
	imperfect	manūtenērer	manūtenērēris, manūtenērēre	manūtenērētur	manūtenērēmur	manūtenērēminī	manūtenērentur
	perfect	manūtentus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	manūtentus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	manūtenē	—	—	manūtenēte	—
	future	—	manūtenētō	manūtenētō	—	manūtenētōte	manūtenentō
passive	present	—	manūtenēre	—	—	manūtenēminī	—
	future	—	manūtenētor	manūtenētor	—	—	manūtenentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		manūtenēre	manūtenuisse	manūtentūrum esse	manūtenērī	manūtentum esse	manūtentum īrī
participles		manūtenēns	—	manūtentūrus	—	manūtentus	manūtenendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		manūtenendī	manūtenendō	manūtenendum	manūtenendō	manūtentum	manūtentū

Derived terms

• manūtentus
• manūtentor
• manūtentiō
• manūtenentia, manūtentia
• manūtenementum

Descendants

• Asturian: mantener
• Catalan: mantenir
• → Ido: mantenar
• Italian: mantenere
• Ladin: mantenir
• Occitan: manténer, mantendre
• Old French: maintenir
  • French: maintenir
    • → Romanian: menține
  • → Middle English: mayntenen
    • English: maintain
      • → Cebuano: mintin, mintinar
  • → Middle High German: hanthaben (calque)
    • German: handhaben
    • → Middle Dutch: hanthaven
      • Dutch: handhaven
        • Afrikaans: handhaaf
• Old Galician-Portuguese: manteer, mantẽer
  • Galician: manter
  • Portuguese: manter
• Piedmontese: manten-e
• Sicilian: manutèniri
• Spanish: mantener
  • → Cebuano: mantinir
• Venetian: mantegner

References

• R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “manutenere”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎^[1], London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, →OCLC