mundrs

Latvian

Etymology

A parallel form (with an infix n, maybe originally from Curonian dialects, perhaps under the influence of *mandrs, an older form of modrs, q.v.) of an earlier (and still attested) form mudrs, from Proto-Baltic *mud- with an extra r, from Proto-Indo-European *mewd-, *mūd-, *mud- (“lively, cheerful”), from a stem *mew- (“humid, wet; to wash, to bathe”). German munter (“lively, cheerful, awake”) may have influenced the meaning and the form of this word. Cognates include Lithuanian muñdras, mundrùs, Latin mundus (“clean, shiny”) (< *mundos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mūndɾs]

(file)

Adjective

mundrs (definite mundrais, comparative mundrāks, superlative vismundrākais, adverb mundri)

1. lively, vibrant, energetic, active, alert (having strength and vitality; being ready for action)

   mundra un dzīvespriecīga meitene ― lively and cheerful girl

   Elga ir mundra un lokana, vaigi piesārtuši no ātrajām kustībām āra gaisā ― Elga ir lively and flexible (= agile, nimble), (her) cheeks red from (her) quick movements in the outside air

   Guba izskatījās mundrs, pašpārliecināts, uzņēmīgs, tāds, kuru nebija iebiedējusi negaidītā nelaime ― Guba looked lively, self-confident, enterprising, as one who is not afraid of unexpected misfortune

2. lively, vibrant, energetic, active, alert (expressing such qualities; which is compatible with, or predisposes to, such qualities)

   mundrs solis ― lively step(s)

   mundra balss ― lively voice

   mundrs noskaņojums ― lively mood

   mundras kustības ― lively movements

   rosīga un mundra dzīve ― bustling and vibrant life

   mundras marša skaņas ― lively marching sounds

   Magones acis mirdzēja ar dīvainu, pievilcīgu, mundru spēku ― Magone's eyes shone with a strange, attractive, lively strength

   laiks bija lielisks: mundrs vējš pūta kursā ― the weather was great: a lively, brisk wind flew on course

   mundrs zaļums kā viļņiem vien plūst pretī no dārziem, no parkiem, no atāliem pļāviņās ― the lively green flows like waves from the gardens, from the parks, from the aftergrass on the meadows

Declension

indefinite declension (nenoteiktā galotne) of mundrs

	masculine (vīriešu dzimte)			feminine (sieviešu dzimte)
	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)		singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	mundrs	mundri		mundra	mundras
accusative (akuzatīvs)	mundru	mundrus		mundru	mundras
genitive (ģenitīvs)	mundra	mundru		mundras	mundru
dative (datīvs)	mundram	mundriem		mundrai	mundrām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	mundru	mundriem		mundru	mundrām
locative (lokatīvs)	mundrā	mundros		mundrā	mundrās
vocative (vokatīvs)	—	—		—	—

Synonyms

• (of "active"): aktīvs, darbīgs, rosīgs
• (of "lively, alert"): dzīvs, modrs, možs, spirgts, žirgts

Derived terms

• mundrība
• mundrums