os

See also Appendix:Variations of "os"

English

Etymology 1

From neuter Latin word os (genitive ossis) meaning "bone".

Noun

os (plural ossa)

1. (rare, medicine) Bone.

Usage notes

Only used by doctors and surgeons when practising. Not used by medical laymen.

Translations

medical term for bone

• Finnish: os (fi)

• German: Os (de)

Etymology 2

From neuter Latin word os with the genitive oris (meaning "mouth").

Noun

os (plural ora)

1. (rare) A mouth; an opening.
2. In particular, either end of the cervix, internal (to the uterus) or external (to the vagina).

Translations

internal end of the cervix

external end of the cervix

• Finnish: kohdunnapukka (fi)

Etymology 3

Swedish

Noun

os

1. An osar or esker.

Anagrams

• SO, So, So., s.o., s/o, so

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Aragonese

Etymology

From Latin illos.

Article

os m pl

1. the

   Os lugars d'Aragón

   The villages of Aragon

Usage notes

• The form los, either pronounced as los or as ros, can be found after words ending with an -o.
• Some dialects use the form els, often shortened to es.

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Aromanian

Alternative forms

• osu

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os. Compare Daco-Romanian os.

Noun

os

1. bone

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Catalan

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os.

Noun

os m (plural ossos)

1. bone

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Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse oss (“us”).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɔs/, [ʌs]

Pronoun

os

1. us, objective case of vi
2. (reflexive) ourselves
3. (pluralis majestatis) ourself

See also

Danish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Inflection	Nominative	Accusative	Possessive	Reflexive	Reflexive possessive
Singular	First	common	jeg	mig	min
		neuter			mit
		plural			mine
	Second	common	du	dig	din
		neuter			dit
		plural			dine
		formal	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	masculine	han	ham	hans	sig	sin
		feminine	hun	hende	hendes
		common	den	den	dens
		neuter	det	det	dets		sit
		plural					sine
Plural	First	—	vi	os	vores
		common			vor
		neuter			vort
		plural			vore
	Second	–	I	jer	jeres
		formal	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	–	de	dem	deres	sig

Etymology 2

Disputed.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /oːs/, [oːˀs]

Noun

os c (singular definite osen, not used in plural form)

1. smoke
2. reek
3. fug

Verb

os

1. imperative of ose

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Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *osso, earlier *ohso, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɔs/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs

Noun

os m (plural ossen, diminutive osje)

1. ox (a castrated bull)

Derived terms

• ossenhuid
• ossenwagen

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Fala

Etymology

From Old Portuguese os, from Latin illos.

Article

os m pl (singular o, feminine a, feminine plural as)

1. masculine plural of o (the)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     En esti territorio se han assentau, en os anus que se indican, os habitantis siguientis:

     In this territory there were living, in the years specified, the following (amount of) inhabitants:

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French

Etymology

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ost- (“bone”).

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ɔs/ (singular)
• IPA: /o/ (plural)

• Audio (FR)

  (file)

• Homophones: eau, eaux, au, aux, haut, hauts (/o/)

Noun

os m (plural os)

1. bone
2. Plural form of os

Derived terms

• osseux
• ossifier
• ossu

Anagrams

• SO

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Galician

Etymology

Old Portuguese os, from Latin illōs, accusative plural of ille (“that”).

Article

os m pl (masculine singular o, feminine singular a, feminine plural as)

1. (definite) the

Usage notes

The definite article o (in all its forms) regularly forms contractions when it follows the prepositions a (“to”), con (“with”), de (“of, from”), and en (“in”). For example, con os ("with the") contracts to cos, and en os ("in the") contracts to nos.

Derived terms

aos cos dos

nos ós

Pronoun

os m pl accusative (nominative eles, oblique eles, dative lles)

1. them (masculine plural third-person personal pronoun)

Usage notes

The third-person direct object pronouns o, os, a, and as, have variant forms prefixed with l- or n-. These alternative forms appear depending on the ending of the preceding word. The l- forms (e.g. los) are used when the preceding word ends in -r or -s. The n- forms (e.g. nos) are used when the preceding word ends in a -u or a diphthong. These alternative forms are then suffixed to the preceding word.

In all other situations, the standard forms of the pronouns are used (o, os, a, as) and are not suffixed to the preceding word.

These direct object pronouns also form contractions when they immediately follow an indirect object pronoun. For example, Dou che os ("I gave you them.") contracts to Dou chos.

Derived terms

chos llelos llos

mos nolos volos

Related terms

• as
• o

See also

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• se
• seu

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Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA: [ɔsˠ]

Noun

os m (genitive ois, nominative plural ois)

1. (literary) deer

Declension

Declension of os

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative os ois Vocative a ois a osa Genitive ois os Dative os ois

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an t-os na hois Genitive an ois na n-os Dative leis an os don os leis na hois

Derived terms

• oiseoil
• oisín
• osbhuí

Synonyms

• fia

Preposition

os

1. over

Derived terms

• os cionn

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Eclipsis	with h-prothesis	with t-prothesis
os	n-os	hos	t-os
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Istro-Romanian

Etymology

From Latin os.

Noun

os n (plural ose, definite singular osu, definite plural osele)

1. bone

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Latin

Etymology 1

ōs (mouth)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₃(o)s (“mouth”). Cognates include Hittite 𒀀𒄿𒅖 (aiš, “mouth”), Sanskrit आस् (ās, “mouth”), Old Church Slavonic ѹста (usta, “mouth”) and Old Irish á (“mouth”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA: /oːs/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Noun

ōs (genitive ōris); n, third declension

1. mouth
   • 405, Jerome and others, Vulgate, Genesis 8:11

     at illa venit ad eum ad vesperam portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo intellexit ergo Noe quod cessassent aquae super terram

     But it came to him in the evening carrying a green-leaved olive branch in its mouth, therefore Noah understood that the waters above the land were coming to and end.

2. face, appearance, head
3. (poetic) speech
4. opening, entrance
5. accusative singular of ōs
6. vocative singular of ōs

Inflection

Number	Singular	Plural
nominative	ōs	ōra
genitive	ōris	ōrum
dative	ōrī	ōribus
accusative	ōs	ōra
ablative	ōre	ōribus
vocative	ōs	ōra

Derived terms

• osculum

Etymology 2

ossa manūs (bones of the hand)

From Proto-Indo-European *h₃ost- (“bone”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ὀστέον (osteon), Sanskrit अस्थि (asthi) and Old Armenian ոսկր (oskr).

Alternative forms

• ossu
• ossua

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA: /os/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

Noun

os (genitive ossis); n, third declension

1. bone
2. heartwood
3. the hard or innermost part of trees or fruits
4. framework of discourse
5. accusative singular of os

Inflection

Number	Singular	Plural
nominative	os	ossa
genitive	ossis	ossium
dative	ossī	ossibus
accusative	os	ossa
ablative	osse	ossibus
vocative	os	ossa

Derived terms

• ossa legere (to gather up the bones that remain after burning a corpse)
• ossa legere (to extract fragments of bone from a wound)
• ossa condere (to bury bones)
• arborum ossa (the inside wood; the heart)

Descendants

Aragonese: güeso Aromanian: os Catalan: os Dalmatian: vuas French: os Friulian: vues Galician: óso Interlingua: osso Istro-Romanian: os

Italian: osso Megleno-Romanian: uos Occitan: òs Portuguese: osso Romanian: os Romansch: ies, oss Sardinian: ossu Sicilian: ossu Spanish: hueso

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Middle French

Noun

os m (plural os)

1. bone

Descendants

• French: os

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *Ans- (“breath, spirit, deity”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /oːs/

Noun

ōs m (nominative plural ēse) (declension unknown)

1. god
2. the runic character ᚩ (/o/ or /oː/)

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Old French

Etymology

From Latin ossum, from os.

Noun

os m (oblique plural os, nominative singular os, nominative plural os)

1. bone

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Old Saxon

Noun

os m

1. Alternative form of as.

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ˈɔs/

Noun

os f

1. genitive plural of osa

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA: /ʊʃ/, /ʊz/
• (Brazil) IPA: /ʊs/, /ʊʃ/
• (South Brazil) IPA: /os/
• Hyphenation: os

Etymology

From Old Portuguese os, Latin illōs (with the disappearance of an initial l; compare Spanish los).

Article

os m pl

1. Masculine plural of article o.
   • 2007, Lya Wyler (translator), J. K. Rowling (English author), Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows), Rocco, page 546:

     Está na hora de testarmos os nossos talentos no mundo real, você não acha?

     It's time to test the talents of ours in the real world, don't you think?

   • 2007, Lya Wyler (translator), J. K. Rowling (English author), Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows), Rocco, page 308:

     Você notou os cabelos dela, são negros e brilhantes e macios...

     You noticed her hair (“her hairs”), it's dark and brilliant and soft...

   • 2007, Lya Wyler (translator), J. K. Rowling (English author), Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows), Rocco, page 373:

     Devíamos fechar os olhos dele.

     We should close his eyes (“the eyes of him”).

See also

Portuguese articles (edit)
	Singular		Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Definite articles (the)	o	a	os	as
Indefinite articles (a, an; some)	um	uma	uns	umas

Pronoun

os

1. (object pronoun) 3rd person them (as a direct object; as an indirect object, see lhes; after prepositions, see eles).

   Encontrei-os na rua.

   I met them at the street.

Usage notes

• Becomes -los after verb forms ending in -r, -s, or -z, the pronouns nos and vos, and the adverb eis; the ending letter causing the change disappears.

  After ver: Posso vê-los? = "May I see them?"

  After pôs: Quero pô-los ali. = "I want to put them there."

  After fiz: Fi-los ficar contente. = "I made them become happy."

  After nos: Deu-no-los relutantemente. = "He gave them to us reluctantly."

  After eis: Ei-los! = "Behold them!"

• Becomes -nos after a nasal diphthong: -ão, -am [ɐ̃w̃], -õe [õj̃], -em, -êm [ẽj̃].

  Detêm-nos como prisioneiros. = "They detain them as a prisoners."

• In Brasil it is being abandoned in favor of the nominative form eles.

  Eu os vi. → Eu vi eles.: “I saw them.”

See also

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Objective (direct object)		Objective (indirect object)	Reflexive	Prepositional		Prepositional with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me				mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te				ti		contigo		você
												o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	se	ele	ela	com ele	com ela
								si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Plural	First	nós		nos				nós		conosco		a gente
	Second	vós		vos				vós		convosco		vocês
												os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	se	eles	elas	com eles	com elas
								si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Impersonal							se	si		consigo

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Romanian

Etymology

From Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ost- (“bone”). Compare Catalan os, French os, Italian osso, Portuguese osso, Sardinian ossu, Spanish hueso.

Pronunciation

• IPA: [os]

Noun

os n (plural oase)

1. (anatomy) bone

Declension

declension of os

	singular		plural
gender n	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	un os	osul	niște oase	oasele
genitive/dative	unui os	osului	unor oase	oaselor

Related terms

osamă oseminte osifica osificabil osificare

osificat osificator osificație osos

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Scottish Gaelic

Preposition

os

1. (obsolete) over, above

Usage notes

• Now used only in the compounds listed below.

Derived terms

• os cionn
• os ìosal
• os làimh

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Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• ȏsa (Serbian)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь

Pronunciation

• IPA: /ôːs/

Noun

ȏs f (Cyrillic spelling о̑с)

1. axis

Declension

    declension of os

	singular	plural
nominative	ȏs	ȏsi
genitive	ȏsi	ósī
dative	osi	osima
accusative	os	osi
vocative	osi	osi
locative	osi	osima
instrumental	osi	osima

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Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Noun

os f (genitive singular kosť, nominative plural osi)

1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)
2. axle

Declension

    declension of os

	singular	plural
nominative	os	osi
genitive	osi	osí
dative	osi	osiam
accusative	os	osi
locative	osi	osiach
instrumental	osou	osami

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *osь.

Noun

os f (dual osi, plural osi)

1. axis (geometry: imaginary line)

Declension

Declension of os (feminine, i-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	os	osi	osi
accusative	os	osi	osi
genitive	osi	osi	osi
dative	osi	osma	osim
locative	osi	osih	osih
instrumental	osjo	osma	osmi

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Spanish

Etymology

From Latin vos.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /os/

Pronoun

os

1. you, to you, for you; dative and accusative of vos and vosotros.

See also

    Spanish pronouns

First person: singular: yo, mí, me plural: nosotros, nosotras, nos Second person: tuteo: tú, ti, te voseo: vos, te formal: usted, ustedes, le, les familiar plural: vosotros, vosotras, ustedes, os, les

Third person: masculine: él, ellos, lo, le, los, les feminine: ella, ellas, la, le, las, les neuter: ello, lo, le Demonstrative: este, esta, esto, estos, estas ese, esa, eso, esos, esas aquel, aquella, aquello, aquellos, aquellas

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Noun

os n

1. (uncountable) (bad) smell, especially a strong smell originating from cooking
2. a river mouth; the place where a creek, stream or river enters into a lake
3. indefinite genitive singular of o

Declension

Declension of os

	singular		plural
Neuter	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	os	oset	os	osen
genitive	os	osets	os	osens

See also

• osa

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Volapük

Pronoun

os

1. (impersonal pronoun) it

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Welsh

Conjunction

os

1. if

   Os ydw i'n iawn, felly rwyt ti'n mewn trafferth.- If I am right, then you are in trouble.