pleo

See also: pleo-

Latin

Etymology

Exists only as a bound morpheme in prefixed verbs, where it continues Proto-Italic *plēō, from earlier *plējō, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁-ye-ti, a yé-present innovatively formed to the aorist stem of Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”). Compare Russian -по́лнить (-pólnitʹ), a cognate with the same meaning that likewise does not occur uncompounded.

Verb

pleō (present infinitive plēre, perfect active plēvī, supine plētum); second conjugation

1. Combining form used to form prefixed verbs with the approximate meaning "to fill".
   • ca. 500, Pompeius, In artem Donati p. 240 l.34:

     […] est <etiam> conpositum quod nōn potest fierī simplex, ut conpleō: nēmō potest dīcere pleō.

     it's likewise a compound when it cannot be used on its own, such as complete: one can't say plete.

   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:pleo.

Conjugation

Only one form, plendī (CIL 2.6278.38), is attested in classical Latin without a prefix outside of grammarians. (Festus p.230M) also cites plentur without attribution.

Conjugation of -pleō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-pleō	-plēs	-plet	-plēmus	-plētis	-plent
	imperfect	-plēbam	-plēbās	-plēbat	-plēbāmus	-plēbātis	-plēbant
	future	-plēbō	-plēbis	-plēbit	-plēbimus	-plēbitis	-plēbunt
	perfect	-plēvī	-plēvistī	-plēvit	-plēvimus	-plēvistis	-plēvērunt, -plēvēre
	pluperfect	-plēveram	-plēverās	-plēverat	-plēverāmus	-plēverātis	-plēverant
	future perfect	-plēverō	-plēveris	-plēverit	-plēverimus	-plēveritis	-plēverint
	sigmatic future1	-ō, ēssō	-is, ēssis	-it, ēssit	-imus, ēssimus	-itis, ēssitis	-int, ēssint
passive	present	-pleor	-plēris, -plēre	-plētur	-plēmur	-plēminī	-plentur
	imperfect	-plēbar	-plēbāris, -plēbāre	-plēbātur	-plēbāmur	-plēbāminī	-plēbantur
	future	-plēbor	-plēberis, -plēbere	-plēbitur	-plēbimur	-plēbiminī	-plēbuntur
	perfect	-plētus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-plētus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-plētus + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future1	-or, ēssor	-eris, ēsseris	-itur, ēssitur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	-pleam	-pleās	-pleat	-pleāmus	-pleātis	-pleant
	imperfect	-plērem	-plērēs	-plēret	-plērēmus	-plērētis	-plērent
	perfect	-plēverim	-plēverīs	-plēverit	-plēverīmus	-plēverītis	-plēverint
	pluperfect	-plēvissem	-plēvissēs	-plēvisset	-plēvissēmus	-plēvissētis	-plēvissent
	sigmatic aorist1	-im, ēssim	-īs, ēssīs	-īt, ēssīt	-īmus, ēssīmus	-ītis, ēssītis	-int, ēssint
passive	present	-plear	-pleāris, -pleāre	-pleātur	-pleāmur	-pleāminī	-pleantur
	imperfect	-plērer	-plērēris, -plērēre	-plērētur	-plērēmur	-plērēminī	-plērentur
	perfect	-plētus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-plētus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	-plē	—	—	-plēte	—
	future	—	-plētō	-plētō	—	-plētōte	-plentō
passive	present	—	-plēre	—	—	-plēminī	—
	future	—	-plētor	-plētor	—	—	-plentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		-plēre	-plēvisse	-plētūrum esse	-plērī	-plētum esse	-plētum īrī
participles		-plēns	—	-plētūrus	—	-plētus	-plendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		plendī	-plendō	-plendum	-plendō	-plētum	-plētū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Derived terms

• compleō
• dēpleō
• expleō
• impleō
• oppleō
• repleō
• suppleō
• centuplus
• decuplus
• duplus
• octuplus
• quadruplus
• sescuplus/ sesquiplus
• simplus
• triplus

Related terms

• manipulus
• plēbs
• plēnus
• plērus
• populus

References

• “pleō” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• “pleō” on page 1530 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• “pleo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pleo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.