pulma
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Esperanto[edit]
Adjective[edit]
pulma (accusative singular pulman, plural pulmaj, accusative plural pulmajn)
Related terms[edit]
Estonian[edit]
Noun[edit]
pulma
Finnish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Unknown origin. Probably cognate with Ingrian pulmalliin (“difficult”). The nature of a relationship with Estonian pulm (plural pulmad), Ingrian pulmat and Votic pulmõd (all "wedding") is unclear, but a semantic development from an original meaning "noise, racket, ruckus" may be possible.[1] Alternatively, an obscured derivational relationship to pula (“shortage, crisis”) may be possible, in which case the Finnish word is not related to those aforementioned words meaning "wedding".
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
pulma
- trouble, problem
- Synonym: ongelma
- dilemma, conundrum (difficult choice or decision that must be made)
- puzzle, riddle, brain-teaser, conundrum (difficult question or riddle)
- Synonym: ongelma
Declension[edit]
Inflection of pulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | pulma | pulmat | ||
genitive | pulman | pulmien | ||
partitive | pulmaa | pulmia | ||
illative | pulmaan | pulmiin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | pulma | pulmat | ||
accusative | nom. | pulma | pulmat | |
gen. | pulman | |||
genitive | pulman | pulmien pulmainrare | ||
partitive | pulmaa | pulmia | ||
inessive | pulmassa | pulmissa | ||
elative | pulmasta | pulmista | ||
illative | pulmaan | pulmiin | ||
adessive | pulmalla | pulmilla | ||
ablative | pulmalta | pulmilta | ||
allative | pulmalle | pulmille | ||
essive | pulmana | pulmina | ||
translative | pulmaksi | pulmiksi | ||
abessive | pulmatta | pulmitta | ||
instructive | — | pulmin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms[edit]
compounds
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- “pulma”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03