surmener
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French[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
surmener
- to overwork
Conjugation[edit]
This verb is conjugated like parler, except the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-, as in the third-person singular present indicative il surmène and the third-person singular future indicative il surmènera.
Conjugation of surmener (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | surmener | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | surmenant /syʁ.mə.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | surmené /syʁ.mə.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmènes /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmenons /syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/ |
surmenez /syʁ.mə.ne/ |
surmènent /syʁ.mɛn/ |
| imperfect | surmenais /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ |
surmenais /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ |
surmenait /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ |
surmenions /syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/ |
surmeniez /syʁ.mə.nje/ |
surmenaient /syʁ.mə.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | surmenai /syʁ.mə.ne/ |
surmenas /syʁ.mə.na/ |
surmena /syʁ.mə.na/ |
surmenâmes /syʁ.mə.nam/ |
surmenâtes /syʁ.mə.nat/ |
surmenèrent /syʁ.mə.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | surmènerai /syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/ |
surmèneras /syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/ |
surmènera /syʁ.mɛn.ʁa/ |
surmènerons /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
surmènerez /syʁ.mɛn.ʁe/ |
surmèneront /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surmènerais /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
surmènerais /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
surmènerait /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ |
surmènerions /syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /syʁ.me.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
surmèneriez /syʁ.mɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /syʁ.me.nə.ʁje/ |
surmèneraient /syʁ.mɛn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmènes /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
surmenions /syʁ.mə.njɔ̃/ |
surmeniez /syʁ.mə.nje/ |
surmènent /syʁ.mɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | surmenasse /syʁ.mə.nas/ |
surmenasses /syʁ.mə.nas/ |
surmenât /syʁ.mə.na/ |
surmenassions /syʁ.mə.na.sjɔ̃/ |
surmenassiez /syʁ.mə.na.sje/ |
surmenassent /syʁ.mə.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | surmène /syʁ.mɛn/ |
— | surmenons /syʁ.mə.nɔ̃/ |
surmenez /syʁ.mə.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading[edit]
- “surmener”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.