sḏr

See also: sdr and SDR

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛd͡ʒɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: sedjer

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to lie down
   • c. 2353 BCE – 2323 BCE, Pyramid Texts of Unas — gable of the west wall of the burial chamber, line 4–5, spell 226.3:

     tꜣ j.ꜥm n.k prt jm.k hjw sḏr zbn

     Earth, swallow up into yourself what has emerged from you! Hiu-serpent, lie down, crawl away!

   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:

     jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt

     I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.

2. (intransitive) to go to bed for the night, to go to sleep
   • c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 11–12:

     nj sḏr z ḥqr.w r dmj.j

     No one went to bed hungry in my district.

3. (intransitive) to spend the night

Usage notes

This verb is often used with a following adverb clause introduced by a stative without a preceding subject; the subject of this stative is then ordinarily identical with the subject of sḏr.

Inflection

Conjugation of sḏr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sḏr, geminated stem: sḏrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
sḏr	sḏrw, sḏr	sḏrt	sḏr	sḏr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
sḏr	ḥr sḏr	m sḏr	r sḏr

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	sḏr.n	consecutive	sḏr.jn
terminative	sḏrt
perfective3	sḏr	obligative1	sḏr.ḫr
imperfective	sḏr
prospective3	sḏr	potentialis1	sḏr.kꜣ
subjunctive	sḏr

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	sḏr.n	—	—
perfective	sḏr	sḏr	sḏr, sḏrw5, sḏry5
imperfective	sḏr, sḏry, sḏrw5	sḏr, sḏrj6, sḏry6	sḏr, sḏrw5
prospective	sḏr, sḏrtj7	sḏrtj4, sḏrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Derived terms

• msḏr
• sḏrt

Noun

 m

1. sleeper

Inflection

Declension of sḏr (masculine)

singular	sḏr
dual	sḏrwj
plural	sḏrw

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 216, 219, 360.