under

See also under-

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA: /ˈʌn.də(ɹ)/, SAMPA: /"Vn.d@(r\)/
• (US) IPA: /ˈʌn.dɚ/, SAMPA: /"Vn.d@`/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌndə(r)
• Hyphenation: un‧der

Etymology

From Old English under, from Proto-Germanic *under, from Proto-Indo-European *ndhero- (“lower”), akin to Old High German untar (“under”), Latin infra (“below, beneath”). More at infra-

Preposition

under (1)

under

1. In a lower level than.
   • 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1

     The little boys in the front bedroom had thrown off their blankets and lay under the sheets.

2. As a subject of

   He served in World War II under General Omar Bradley.

   • 2011 December 14, Angelique Chrisafis, “Rachida Dati accuses French PM of sexism and elitism”, Guardian:

     Dati launched a blistering attack on the prime minister, François Fillon, under whom she served as justice minister, accusing him of sexism, elitism, arrogance and hindering the political advancement of ethnic minorities.

3. Less than
4. Below the surface of
5. This word needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 2011, Tom Fordyce, Rugby World Cup 2011: England 12-19 France [1]

     England's World Cup dreams fell apart under a French onslaught on a night when their shortcomings were brutally exposed at the quarter-final stage.

Synonyms

• below
• beneath
• underneath

Antonyms

• above
• over

Translations

in a lower level

Afrikaans: onder (af) Catalan: sota (ca) Cherokee: ᎭᏫᎾᏗᏢ (chr) (hawinaditlv) Dutch: onder (nl) Esperanto: sub (eo) Finnish: alla (fi), alapuolella (fi), alempana (fi) French: sous (fr) German: unter (de) Icelandic: undir (is) Ido: sub (io) Irish: faoi (ga) Italian: sotto (it) Japanese: 下に (ja) (shita ni), したに (ja) (shita ni)

Latin: sub (la) Norwegian: under (no) Polish: pod (pl) Portuguese: sob (pt) Romanian: sub (ro) Russian: под (ru) (pod), ниже (ru) (níže) Scottish Gaelic: fo (gd) Serbo-Croatian: pod (sh) Slovene: pod (sl) Spanish: bajo (es) Swedish: under (sv), nedanför (sv) Vietnamese: dưới (vi) Welsh: dan (cy), tan (cy)

subject of

Catalan: sota (ca) Dutch: onder (nl) Finnish: alamainen (fi) (noun) French: sous (fr) German: unter (de)

Japanese: 下に (ja) (shita ni), したに (ja) (shita ni) Polish: pod (pl) Scottish Gaelic: fo (gd) Swedish: under (sv)

less than

Finnish: alle (fi), vähemmän kuin (fi) French: moins de (fr) German: unter (de), weniger (de) als (de) Japanese: 下に (ja) (shita ni), したに (ja) (shita ni)

Polish: mniej niż Russian: меньше (ru) (m'én'še), ниже (ru) (níže) Scottish Gaelic: fo (gd)

beneath the surface

Arabic: تحت (ar) (táHta) Belarusian: пад (be) (pad) Catalan: sota (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 在……底下 (zh) (zài ... dǐxia), 在……以下 (zh) (zài ... yǐxià) Czech: pod (cs) Dutch: onder (nl) Finnish: alla (fi) French: sous (fr) German: unter (de) Hindi: ... के नीचे (hi) (... ke nīce)

Hungarian: alatt (hu) Japanese: 下に (ja) (shita ni), したに (ja) (shita ni) Korean: ...아래에 (ko) (...araee) Polish: pod (pl) Romanian: sub (ro) Russian: под (ru) (pod) Scottish Gaelic: fo (gd) Spanish: bajo (es) Swedish: under (sv) Ukrainian: під (uk) (pid) Urdu: ... کے نیچے (ur) (... ke nīce)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Help:How to check translations.

Translations to be checked

Afrikaans: onder Albanian: nën Arabic: تَحْتَ (ar) (taHta) Armenian: տակ (hy) (tak) Catalan: sota Mandarin: 在...下面 (zài...xiàmiàn) Serbo-Croatian: pod (hr) Dutch: onder (nl) Esperanto: sub (eo) French: sous (fr) Icelandic: undir (is) Ido: sub Italian: sotto (it)

Jingpho: npu e Korean: 아래에 (araee) Kurdish: بن, ژێر Norwegian: under (no) Portuguese: sob (pt) Romanian: sub (ro) Slovene: pod (sl) Spanish: bajo (es) Taos: -nątho Tok Pisin: ananit (tpi) Turkish: altında

Adverb

under (not comparable)

1. In a way lower or less than
   • (Can we add an example for this sense?)
2. In a way inferior to
   • (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Synonyms

• below
• beneath

Antonyms

• above
• over

Translations

In a way lower or less than

Catalan: sota (ca) French: dessous (fr)

Japanese: 下の (ja) (shita no), したの (ja) (shita no)

In a way inferior to

Finnish: huonommin (fi) French: moins (fr)

Japanese: 下の (ja) (shita no), したの (ja) (shita no) Tok Pisin: ananit (tpi)

Adjective

under (comparative more under, superlative most under)

1. Being lower; being beneath something.
   • 1835, J G. Peters, A treatise on equitation, or the art of horsemanship, page 179:

     The advantages he gains are of double security to him ; first, by the support of his haunches, being at all times more under than before, he learns to be more active with his hind-quarters

   • 1908, Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles, The American golfer, volume 1-2, page 10: 

     If you allow the right hand to turn under more than the left, a pull will result, and if the left is more under than the right, a sliced ball will surely follow.

   • 2009, Doris Lessing, Briefing for a Descent Into Hell, page 30:

     The waves are so steep, they crash so fast and furious I'm more under than up.

Derived terms

Related terms

down under six feet under underachieve underage underarm undercurrent undercut underground

underhanded underneath underrate underreport under the weather undertow underwater underworld See also: under-

References

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "The vertical axis", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Statistics

• Most common English words before 1923: life · went · back · #133: under · same · take · last

Anagrams

• nuder

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Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse undir.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /onər/, [ɔnˀɐ]

Adverb

under

1. under

Preposition

under

1. under
2. underneath
3. below
4. during

Etymology 2

From Old Norse undr.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /onər/, [ɔnˀɐ]

Noun

under n. (singular definite underet, plural indefinite undere)

1. wonder
2. marvel
3. miracle

Inflection

    Inflection of under

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative, dative and accusative	under	underet	undere	underne
genitive	unders	underets	underes	undernes

Etymology 3

Short form of any compound with the preposition under.

Pronunciation

• IPA: /onər/, [ɔnɐ]

Noun

under c. (singular definite underen, plural indefinite undere)

1. bottom (part)

Inflection

    Inflection of under

common gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative, dative and accusative	under	underen	undere	underne
genitive	unders	underens	underes	undernes

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Latin

Verb

under

1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of undō

---

Norwegian Bokmål

Preposition

under

1. below; beneath
2. during

Noun

under

1. wonder, marvel, miracle

---

Norwegian Nynorsk

Preposition

under

1. below; beneath
2. during

Noun

under

1. wonder, marvel, miracle

---

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *under.

Preposition

under

1. under

---

Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Preposition

under

1. under; below; beneath
2. during, at the same time as

   Under lektionen pratade de hela tiden

   During the lesson, they talked all the time

Noun

under n.

1. wonder, miracle

   Undrens tid är inte förbi.

   The age of miracles isn't over.

Declension

Declension of under

	singular		plural
Neuter	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	under	undret	under	undren
genitive	unders	undrets	unders	undrens

Related terms

• underskatta
• undertag

See also

• på under
• under tiden