virua

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *virudak (compare dialectal Estonian viruma (but standard Estonian virutama), Veps viruda (“to be bed-ridden”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋiruɑˣ/, [ˈʋiruɑ̝(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -iruɑ
• Syllabification^(key): vi‧ru‧a

Verb

virua

1. (intransitive) to languish (to live in miserable or disheartening conditions)
2. (intransitive) to creep (move slowly or deform permanently under the influence of persistent mechanical stresses)

Conjugation

Inflection of virua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		virun	en viru	1st sing.	olen virunut	en ole virunut
2nd sing.		virut	et viru	2nd sing.	olet virunut	et ole virunut
3rd sing.		viruu	ei viru	3rd sing.	on virunut	ei ole virunut
1st plur.		virumme	emme viru	1st plur.	olemme viruneet	emme ole viruneet
2nd plur.		virutte	ette viru	2nd plur.	olette viruneet	ette ole viruneet
3rd plur.		viruvat	eivät viru	3rd plur.	ovat viruneet	eivät ole viruneet
passive		virutaan	ei viruta	passive	on viruttu	ei ole viruttu
past tense				pluperfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		viruin	en virunut	1st sing.	olin virunut	en ollut virunut
2nd sing.		viruit	et virunut	2nd sing.	olit virunut	et ollut virunut
3rd sing.		virui	ei virunut	3rd sing.	oli virunut	ei ollut virunut
1st plur.		viruimme	emme viruneet	1st plur.	olimme viruneet	emme olleet viruneet
2nd plur.		viruitte	ette viruneet	2nd plur.	olitte viruneet	ette olleet viruneet
3rd plur.		viruivat	eivät viruneet	3rd plur.	olivat viruneet	eivät olleet viruneet
passive		viruttiin	ei viruttu	passive	oli viruttu	ei ollut viruttu
conditional mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		viruisin	en viruisi	1st sing.	olisin virunut	en olisi virunut
2nd sing.		viruisit	et viruisi	2nd sing.	olisit virunut	et olisi virunut
3rd sing.		viruisi	ei viruisi	3rd sing.	olisi virunut	ei olisi virunut
1st plur.		viruisimme	emme viruisi	1st plur.	olisimme viruneet	emme olisi viruneet
2nd plur.		viruisitte	ette viruisi	2nd plur.	olisitte viruneet	ette olisi viruneet
3rd plur.		viruisivat	eivät viruisi	3rd plur.	olisivat viruneet	eivät olisi viruneet
passive		viruttaisiin	ei viruttaisi	passive	olisi viruttu	ei olisi viruttu
imperative mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.		viru	älä viru	2nd sing.	—	—
3rd sing.		virukoon	älköön viruko	3rd sing.	olkoon virunut	älköön olko virunut
1st plur.		virukaamme	älkäämme viruko	1st plur.	—	—
2nd plur.		virukaa	älkää viruko	2nd plur.	—	—
3rd plur.		virukoot	älkööt viruko	3rd plur.	olkoot viruneet	älkööt olko viruneet
passive		viruttakoon	älköön viruttako	passive	olkoon viruttu	älköön olko viruttu
potential mood
present				perfect
person		positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.		virunen	en virune	1st sing.	lienen virunut	en liene virunut
2nd sing.		virunet	et virune	2nd sing.	lienet virunut	et liene virunut
3rd sing.		virunee	ei virune	3rd sing.	lienee virunut	ei liene virunut
1st plur.		virunemme	emme virune	1st plur.	lienemme viruneet	emme liene viruneet
2nd plur.		virunette	ette virune	2nd plur.	lienette viruneet	ette liene viruneet
3rd plur.		virunevat	eivät virune	3rd plur.	lienevät viruneet	eivät liene viruneet
passive		viruttaneen	ei viruttane	passive	lienee viruttu	ei liene viruttu
Nominal forms
infinitives				participles
		active	passive		active	passive
1st		virua		present	viruva	viruttava
long 1st1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st viruakseni viruaksemme 2nd viruaksesi viruaksenne 3rd viruakseen viruaksensa		past	virunut	viruttu
2nd	inessive2	viruessa	viruttaessa	agent3	viruma
		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st viruessani viruessamme 2nd viruessasi viruessanne 3rd viruessaan viruessansa		negative	virumaton
	instructive	viruen	—	1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). 3) Usually with a possessive suffix. Not used with intransitive verbs. Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms. 4) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
3rd	inessive	virumassa	—
	elative	virumasta	—
	illative	virumaan	—
	adessive	virumalla	—
	abessive	virumatta	—
	instructive	viruman	viruttaman
4th4	verbal noun	viruminen
5th1		Possessive forms Person sing. plur. 1st virumaisillani virumaisillamme 2nd virumaisillasi virumaisillanne 3rd virumaisillaan virumaisillansa

Derived terms

• virttyä
• viruminen
• viruttaa (“to rinse; to stretch”) (dialectal)

 

Further reading

• “virua”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04