ἔοικα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• οἶκα (oîka) — Ionic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to become equal, be fitting”), albeit with no certain cognates outside of Greek; Lithuanian vỹkti (“to occur, happen”) has been compared, but the Lithuanian is more likely to derive from *weyk- (“to overcome”), which appears to be separate from *weyk- in the "fit" meaning. Cognate with εἰκών (eikṓn), εἴκελος (eíkelos), εἰκάζω (eikázō).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /é.oi̯.ka/ → /ˈe.y.ka/ → /ˈe.i.ka/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /é.oi̯.ka/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈe.y.ka/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.y.ka/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.y.ka/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.i.ka/

Verb

ἔοικα • (éoika)

1. (impersonal, imperfect and aorist) to seem likely [with infinitive ‘that ...’]
2. (perfect and pluperfect)
   1. to be like, to look like [with dative ‘something, someone’]
   2. to seem [with infinitive ‘to do’], to seem likely [with infinitive ‘that ...’]
      1. (ἔοικε as interjection) so it seems; probably
         • 386 BCE – 367 BCE, Plato, Meno 73c
   3. to beseem, befit, be appropriate for [with dative ‘something, someone’]
      1. (impersonal, ἔοικε) it is fitting; to be right, seemly, reasonable [with infinitive ‘to do’]

Inflection

The perfect tense has a present sense. The third-person singular imperfect εἶκε (eîke) is only used once, in Odyssey 18.520, unless this form is from the verb εἴκω (eíkō) instead. The future εἴξω (eíxō, “will be like”) likewise only appears once, in Aristophanes, The Clouds 1001.

   Perfect: ἔοικᾰ (Epic, Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔοικᾰ	ἔοικᾰς	ἔοικε(ν)	ἐοίκᾰτον	ἐοίκᾰτον	ἐοίκᾰμεν	ἐοίκᾰτε	ἐοίκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐοίκω	ἐοίκῃς	ἐοίκῃ	ἐοίκητον	ἐοίκητον	ἐοίκωμεν	ἐοίκητε	ἐοίκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐοίκοιμῐ, ἐοικοίην	ἐοίκοις, ἐοικοίης	ἐοίκοι, ἐοικοίη	ἐοίκοιτον	ἐοικοίτην	ἐοίκοιμεν	ἐοίκοιτε	ἐοίκοιεν
	imperative		ἔοικε	ἐοικέτω	ἐοίκετον	ἐοικέτων		ἐοίκετε	ἐοικόντων
		active
infinitive		ἐοικέναι
participle	m	ἐοικώς, εἰκώς, ἐϊκώς
	f	ἐοικυῖᾰ, εἰκυῖᾰ, ἐϊκυῖᾰ
	n	ἐοικός, εἰκός, ἐϊκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐῴκειν (Epic, Attic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐῴκειν, ἐῴκη	ἐῴκεις, ἐῴκης	ἐῴκει(ν)	ἐῴκετον	ἐΐκτην	ἐῴκεμεν	ἐῴκετε	ἐῴκεσᾰν, ἐοίκεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: εἴξω, εἴξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	εἴξω	εἴξεις	εἴξει	εἴξετον	εἴξετον	εἴξομεν	εἴξετε	εἴξουσῐ(ν)
	optative	εἴξοιμῐ	εἴξοις	εἴξοι	εἴξοιτον	εἰξοίτην	εἴξοιμεν	εἴξοιτε	εἴξοιεν
middle	indicative	εἴξομαι	εἴξῃ, εἴξει	εἴξεται	εἴξεσθον	εἴξεσθον	εἰξόμεθᾰ	εἴξεσθε	εἴξονται
	optative	εἰξοίμην	εἴξοιο	εἴξοιτο	εἴξοισθον	εἰξοίσθην	εἰξοίμεθᾰ	εἴξοισθε	εἴξοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		εἴξειν			εἴξεσθαι
participle	m	εἴξων			εἰξόμενος
	f	εἴξουσᾰ			εἰξομένη
	n	εἶξον			εἰξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: εἶξᾰ, εἰξᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	εἶξᾰ	εἶξᾰς	εἶξε(ν)	εἴξᾰτον	εἰξᾰ́την	εἴξᾰμεν	εἴξᾰτε	εἶξᾰν
	subjunctive	εἴξω	εἴξῃς	εἴξῃ	εἴξητον	εἴξητον	εἴξωμεν	εἴξητε	εἴξωσῐ(ν)
	optative	εἴξαιμῐ	εἴξειᾰς, εἴξαις	εἴξειε(ν), εἴξαι	εἴξαιτον	εἰξαίτην	εἴξαιμεν	εἴξαιτε	εἴξειᾰν, εἴξαιεν
	imperative		εἶξον	εἰξᾰ́τω	εἴξᾰτον	εἰξᾰ́των		εἴξᾰτε	εἰξᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	εἰξᾰ́μην	εἴξω	εἴξᾰτο	εἴξᾰσθον	εἰξᾰ́σθην	εἰξᾰ́μεθᾰ	εἴξᾰσθε	εἴξᾰντο
	subjunctive	εἴξωμαι	εἴξῃ	εἴξηται	εἴξησθον	εἴξησθον	εἰξώμεθᾰ	εἴξησθε	εἴξωνται
	optative	εἰξαίμην	εἴξαιο	εἴξαιτο	εἴξαισθον	εἰξαίσθην	εἰξαίμεθᾰ	εἴξαισθε	εἴξαιντο
	imperative		εἶξαι	εἰξᾰ́σθω	εἴξᾰσθον	εἰξᾰ́σθων		εἴξᾰσθε	εἰξᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		εἶξαι			εἴξᾰσθαι
participle	m	εἴξᾱς			εἰξᾰ́μενος
	f	εἴξᾱσᾰ			εἰξᾰμένη
	n	εἶξᾰν			εἰξᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

• ἐπέοικα (epéoika)

Further reading

• “ἔοικα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἔοικα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἔοικα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἔοικα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἔοικα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “ἔοικα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G1503 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • like idem, page 491.
  • resemble idem, page 701.
  • seem idem, page 749.
  • suggestive idem, page 836.
  • take idem, page 852.