ὀπώρα

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 20 July 2015

Alternative forms

• ὀπώρη (opṓrē) — Ionic
• ὀπάρα (opára)
• ὁπώρα (hopṓra)

Etymology

Seems to be a contraction of an original *ὀποσάρα (*oposára), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at”) (whence ἐπῐ́ (epí)) + *(s)h₁ósr̥, a variant of *(s)h₁ésō (“harvest season”), from *(s)h₁es- (“crop, harvest”); the exact formation *(s)h₁ósr̥ is found also in Old Armenian ար-ա-ց (ar-a-cʻ). Other cognates include Russian о́сень (ósenʹ), Gothic 𐌰𐍃𐌰𐌽𐍃 (asans), and Old English earnian (English earn).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /o.pɔ̌ː.raː/ → /oˈpo.ra/ → /oˈpo.ra/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /o.pɔ̌ː.raː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /oˈpo.ra/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈpo.ra/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈpo.ra/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈpo.ra/

Noun

ὀπώρᾱ • (opṓrā) f (genitive ὀπώρᾱς); first declension

1. the part of the year between the rising of Sirius and of Arcturus (i. e. the end of July, all August and part of September), the end of summer; later it was used for autumn

   Coordinate terms: χειμών (kheimṓn), ἔαρ (éar), θέρος (théros)

2. fruit itself (extended from its use for the fruit-time)
3. (figuratively) summer-bloom; i.e. the bloom of youth

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ὀπώρᾱ; τῆς ὀπώρᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ὀπώρᾱ hē opṓrā	τὼ ὀπώρᾱ tṑ opṓrā	αἱ ὀπῶραι hai opôrai
Genitive	τῆς ὀπώρᾱς tês opṓrās	τοῖν ὀπώραιν toîn opṓrain	τῶν ὀπωρῶν tôn opōrôn
Dative	τῇ ὀπώρᾳ têi opṓrāi	τοῖν ὀπώραιν toîn opṓrain	ταῖς ὀπώραις taîs opṓrais
Accusative	τὴν ὀπώρᾱν tḕn opṓrān	τὼ ὀπώρᾱ tṑ opṓrā	τᾱ̀ς ὀπώρᾱς tā̀s opṓrās
Vocative	ὀπώρᾱ opṓrā	ὀπώρᾱ opṓrā	ὀπῶραι opôrai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Further reading

• “ὀπώρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀπώρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὀπώρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• “ὀπώρα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3703 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • autumn idem, page 54.
  • fall idem, page 303.
  • fruit idem, page 347.