стоя

Bulgarian

Etymology

The primary stative meaning continues the imperfective Proto-Slavic *stojati, while the dialectal punctual meaning reflects the perfective Proto-Slavic *stojiti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [stoˈjɤ̟]

Verb

стоя́ • (stojá) first-singular present indicative, impf

1. (stative, intransitive) to stand still, to stay

   Той стоеше до дървото.

   Toj stoeše do dǎrvoto.

   He was standing next to the tree.

   Войникът стои на страж.

   Vojnikǎt stoi na straž.

   The soldier stays on guard.

   Стой!

   Stoj!

   Stop! / Don't move! / Stay still!

2. (stative, intransitive) to be in position, to occupy a state

   Строежът стои в начална фаза.

   Stroežǎt stoi v načalna faza.

   The construction work is in initial stage.

   Важна задача стои пред нас.

   Važna zadača stoi pred nas.

   An important task is ahead of us.

3. (transitive, dialectal) to halt, to immobilize (obsolete)

   Стойте го магарето, да не бяга!

   Stojte go magareto, da ne bjaga!

   [You all] hold the donkey [in order] not to run away!

4. (reflexive with се, dialectal) to get in position, to take place (in some Eastern dialects, incl. Banat Bulgarian)

   Стои му се такава съдба.

   Stoi mu se takava sǎdba.

   He has brought this fate onto himself.

   Миналата седмица се стои голямо събитие.

   Minalata sedmica se stoi goljamo sǎbitie.

   Last week, a big event took place.

Conjugation

Standard:

    Conjugation of стоя́ (conjugation 2.2, irregular, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	стоя́щ stojášt	стоя́л stojál	стоя́л stojál	—		стое́йки stoéjki
	definite subject form	стоя́щият stojáštijat	стоя́лият stojálijat	—	—
	definite object form	стоя́щия stojáštija	стоя́лия stojálija	—	—
feminine	indefinite	стоя́ща stojášta	стоя́ла stojála	стоя́ла stojála	—
	definite	стоя́щата stojáštata	стоя́лата stojálata	—	—
neuter	indefinite	стоя́що stojášto	стоя́ло stojálo	стоя́ло stojálo	—	стоя́не, стое́не stojáne, stoéne
	definite	стоя́щото stojáštoto	стоя́лото stojáloto	—	—	стоя́нето, стое́нето stojáneto, stoéneto
plural	indefinite	стоя́щи stojášti	стоя́ли stojáli	стоя́ли stojáli	—	стоя́ния, стое́ния, стоя́нета, стое́нета stojánija, stoénija, stojáneta, stoéneta
	definite	стоя́щите stojáštite	стоя́лите stojálite	—	—	стоя́нията, стое́нията, стоя́нетата, стое́нетата stojánijata, stoénijata, stojánetata, stoénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		стоя́ stojá	стои́ш stoíš	стои́ stoí	стои́м stoím	стои́те stoíte	стоя́т stoját
imperfect		стоя́х stojáh	стое́ше stoéše	стое́ше stoéše	стоя́хме stojáhme	стоя́хте stojáhte	стоя́ха stojáha
aorist		стоя́х stojáh	стоя́ stojá	стоя́ stojá	стоя́хме stojáhme	стоя́хте stojáhte	стоя́ха stojáha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стоя́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			стой stoj			сто́йте stójte

Dialectal, rare:

    Conjugation of стоя́ (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	стоя́щ stojášt	стои́л stoíl	стоя́л stojál	—		стое́йки stoéjki
	definite subject form	стоя́щият stojáštijat	стои́лият stoílijat	—	—
	definite object form	стоя́щия stojáštija	стои́лия stoílija	—	—
feminine	indefinite	стоя́ща stojášta	стои́ла stoíla	стоя́ла stojála	—
	definite	стоя́щата stojáštata	стои́лата stoílata	—	—
neuter	indefinite	стоя́що stojášto	стои́ло stoílo	стоя́ло stojálo	—	стое́не stoéne
	definite	стоя́щото stojáštoto	стои́лото stoíloto	—	—	стое́нето stoéneto
plural	indefinite	стоя́щи stojášti	стои́ли stoíli	стое́ли stoéli	—	стое́ния, стое́нета stoénija, stoéneta
	definite	стоя́щите stojáštite	стои́лите stoílite	—	—	стое́нията, стое́нетата stoénijata, stoénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		стоя́ stojá	стои́ш stoíš	стои́ stoí	стои́м stoím	стои́те stoíte	стоя́т stoját
imperfect		стоя́х stojáh	стое́ше stoéše	стое́ше stoéše	стоя́хме stojáhme	стоя́хте stojáhte	стоя́ха stojáha
aorist		стои́х stoíh	стои́ stoí	стои́ stoí	стои́хме stoíhme	стои́хте stoíhte	стои́ха stoíha
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стое́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стое́ли pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стоя́л m, стоя́ла f, стоя́ло n, or стое́ли pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and стои́л m, стои́ла f, стои́ло n, or стои́ли pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			стой stoj			сто́йте stójte

Dialectal, rare:

    Conjugation of стоя́ се (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, reflexive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	стоя́щ се stojášt se	стои́л се stoíl se	стоя́л се stojál se	—		стое́йки се stoéjki se
	definite subject form	стоя́щият се stojáštijat se	стои́лият се stoílijat se	—	—
	definite object form	стоя́щия се stojáštija se	стои́лия се stoílija se	—	—
feminine	indefinite	стоя́ща се stojášta se	стои́ла се stoíla se	стоя́ла се stojála se	—
	definite	стоя́щата се stojáštata se	стои́лата се stoílata se	—	—
neuter	indefinite	стоя́що се stojášto se	стои́ло се stoílo se	стоя́ло се stojálo se	—	стое́не stoéne
	definite	стоя́щото се stojáštoto se	стои́лото се stoíloto se	—	—	стое́нето stoéneto
plural	indefinite	стоя́щи се stojášti se	стои́ли се stoíli se	стое́ли се stoéli se	—	стое́ния, стое́нета stoénija, stoéneta
	definite	стоя́щите се stojáštite se	стои́лите се stoílite se	—	—	стое́нията, стое́нетата stoénijata, stoénetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		стоя́ се stojá se	стои́ш се stoíš se	стои́ се stoí se	стои́м се stoím se	стои́те се stoíte se	стоя́т се stoját se
imperfect		стоя́х се stojáh se	стое́ше се stoéše se	стое́ше се stoéše se	стоя́хме се stojáhme se	стоя́хте се stojáhte se	стоя́ха се stojáha se
aorist		стои́х се stoíh se	стои́ се stoí se	стои́ се stoí se	стои́хме се stoíhme se	стои́хте се stoíhte se	стои́ха се stoíha se
future	pos.	Use ще се followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да се followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да се followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and стоя́л се m, стоя́ла се f, стоя́ло се n, or стое́ли се pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да се and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and стоя́л се m, стоя́ла се f, стоя́ло се n, or стое́ли се pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да се and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стоя́л се m, стоя́ла се f, стоя́ло се n, or стое́ли се pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да се and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да се and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and стои́л се m, стои́ла се f, стои́ло се n, or стои́ли се pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			сто́й се stój se			сто́йте се stójte se

Derived terms

• стоеж (stoež, “standing”)
• стоянка (stojanka, “standoff, place for standing”)
• стойност (stojnost, “value, worth”)
• обстоятелство (obstojatelstvo, “circumstance”)
• достоя (dostoja, “to fit”)
• застоя (zastoja, “to fix, to immobilize”)
• отстоя (otstoja, “to be at a distance, to stand away”)
• обстоя (obstoja, “to be/stay around”)
• предстоя (predstoja, “to impend, to be ahead”)
• престоя (prestoja, “to expire”)
• състоя (sǎstoja, “to take place”)
• устоя (ustoja, “to sustain, to keep hold”)

References

• “стоя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• Todorov, T. A., Racheva, M., editors (2010), “стоя̀”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 7 (слòво – теря̀свам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 480
• “стоя”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈstojə]

Etymology 1

Participle

сто́я • (stója)

1. present adverbial imperfective participle of стоя́ть (stojátʹ)

Adverb

сто́я • (stója)

1. standing, upright (in or into an upright position)

Etymology 2

Participle

сто́я • (stója)

1. present adverbial imperfective participle of сто́ить (stóitʹ)