طرف

See also: طرق and ظرف

Arabic

Root
ط ر ف (ṭ-r-f)

Verb

طَرَفَ • (ṭarafa) I, non-past يَطْرِفُ‎ (yaṭrifu)

1. to push someone away from something
2. to slap someone
3. to touch and injure someone in the eye to the point of making tears flow
4. to close one's eye
5. to blink
6. to look, take a look

Conjugation

Conjugation of

طَرَفَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun طَرْف)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						طَرْف ṭarf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						طَارِف ṭārif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَطْرُوف maṭrūf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	طَرَفْتُ ṭaraftu	طَرَفْتَ ṭarafta	طَرَفَ ṭarafa		طَرَفْتُمَا ṭaraftumā	طَرَفَا ṭarafā		طَرَفْنَا ṭarafnā	طَرَفْتُمْ ṭaraftum	طَرَفُوا ṭarafū
	f		طَرَفْتِ ṭarafti	طَرَفَتْ ṭarafat			طَرَفَتَا ṭarafatā			طَرَفْتُنَّ ṭaraftunna	طَرَفْنَ ṭarafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَطْرِفُ ʔaṭrifu	تَطْرِفُ taṭrifu	يَطْرِفُ yaṭrifu		تَطْرِفَانِ taṭrifāni	يَطْرِفَانِ yaṭrifāni		نَطْرِفُ naṭrifu	تَطْرِفُونَ taṭrifūna	يَطْرِفُونَ yaṭrifūna
	f		تَطْرِفِينَ taṭrifīna	تَطْرِفُ taṭrifu			تَطْرِفَانِ taṭrifāni			تَطْرِفْنَ taṭrifna	يَطْرِفْنَ yaṭrifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَطْرِفَ ʔaṭrifa	تَطْرِفَ taṭrifa	يَطْرِفَ yaṭrifa		تَطْرِفَا taṭrifā	يَطْرِفَا yaṭrifā		نَطْرِفَ naṭrifa	تَطْرِفُوا taṭrifū	يَطْرِفُوا yaṭrifū
	f		تَطْرِفِي taṭrifī	تَطْرِفَ taṭrifa			تَطْرِفَا taṭrifā			تَطْرِفْنَ taṭrifna	يَطْرِفْنَ yaṭrifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَطْرِفْ ʔaṭrif	تَطْرِفْ taṭrif	يَطْرِفْ yaṭrif		تَطْرِفَا taṭrifā	يَطْرِفَا yaṭrifā		نَطْرِفْ naṭrif	تَطْرِفُوا taṭrifū	يَطْرِفُوا yaṭrifū
	f		تَطْرِفِي taṭrifī	تَطْرِفْ taṭrif			تَطْرِفَا taṭrifā			تَطْرِفْنَ taṭrifna	يَطْرِفْنَ yaṭrifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِطْرِفْ iṭrif			اِطْرِفَا iṭrifā				اِطْرِفُوا iṭrifū
	f		اِطْرِفِي iṭrifī							اِطْرِفْنَ iṭrifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	طُرِفْتُ ṭuriftu	طُرِفْتَ ṭurifta	طُرِفَ ṭurifa		طُرِفْتُمَا ṭuriftumā	طُرِفَا ṭurifā		طُرِفْنَا ṭurifnā	طُرِفْتُمْ ṭuriftum	طُرِفُوا ṭurifū
	f		طُرِفْتِ ṭurifti	طُرِفَتْ ṭurifat			طُرِفَتَا ṭurifatā			طُرِفْتُنَّ ṭuriftunna	طُرِفْنَ ṭurifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُطْرَفُ ʔuṭrafu	تُطْرَفُ tuṭrafu	يُطْرَفُ yuṭrafu		تُطْرَفَانِ tuṭrafāni	يُطْرَفَانِ yuṭrafāni		نُطْرَفُ nuṭrafu	تُطْرَفُونَ tuṭrafūna	يُطْرَفُونَ yuṭrafūna
	f		تُطْرَفِينَ tuṭrafīna	تُطْرَفُ tuṭrafu			تُطْرَفَانِ tuṭrafāni			تُطْرَفْنَ tuṭrafna	يُطْرَفْنَ yuṭrafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُطْرَفَ ʔuṭrafa	تُطْرَفَ tuṭrafa	يُطْرَفَ yuṭrafa		تُطْرَفَا tuṭrafā	يُطْرَفَا yuṭrafā		نُطْرَفَ nuṭrafa	تُطْرَفُوا tuṭrafū	يُطْرَفُوا yuṭrafū
	f		تُطْرَفِي tuṭrafī	تُطْرَفَ tuṭrafa			تُطْرَفَا tuṭrafā			تُطْرَفْنَ tuṭrafna	يُطْرَفْنَ yuṭrafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُطْرَفْ ʔuṭraf	تُطْرَفْ tuṭraf	يُطْرَفْ yuṭraf		تُطْرَفَا tuṭrafā	يُطْرَفَا yuṭrafā		نُطْرَفْ nuṭraf	تُطْرَفُوا tuṭrafū	يُطْرَفُوا yuṭrafū
	f		تُطْرَفِي tuṭrafī	تُطْرَفْ tuṭraf			تُطْرَفَا tuṭrafā			تُطْرَفْنَ tuṭrafna	يُطْرَفْنَ yuṭrafna

Noun

طَرْف • (ṭarf) m

1. eye, eyes
2. glance, look
3. edge, extremity
4. generous man of noble birth

Declension

Declension of noun طَرْف (ṭarf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَرْف ṭarf	الطَّرْف aṭ-ṭarf	طَرْف ṭarf
Nominative	طَرْفٌ ṭarfun	الطَّرْفُ aṭ-ṭarfu	طَرْفُ ṭarfu
Accusative	طَرْفًا ṭarfan	الطَّرْفَ aṭ-ṭarfa	طَرْفَ ṭarfa
Genitive	طَرْفٍ ṭarfin	الطَّرْفِ aṭ-ṭarfi	طَرْفِ ṭarfi

Noun

طَرَف • (ṭaraf) m (plural أَطْرَاف (ʔaṭrāf))

1. end, tip, point, edge, border
2. side
3. area, section
4. part, bit, some (مِن (min) something)
5. limb
6. participant, party, player, team

Declension

Declension of noun طَرَف (ṭaraf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَرَف ṭaraf	الطَّرَف aṭ-ṭaraf	طَرَف ṭaraf
Nominative	طَرَفٌ ṭarafun	الطَّرَفُ aṭ-ṭarafu	طَرَفُ ṭarafu
Accusative	طَرَفًا ṭarafan	الطَّرَفَ aṭ-ṭarafa	طَرَفَ ṭarafa
Genitive	طَرَفٍ ṭarafin	الطَّرَفِ aṭ-ṭarafi	طَرَفِ ṭarafi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	طَرَفَيْن ṭarafayn	الطَّرَفَيْن aṭ-ṭarafayn	طَرَفَيْ ṭarafay
Nominative	طَرَفَانِ ṭarafāni	الطَّرَفَانِ aṭ-ṭarafāni	طَرَفَا ṭarafā
Accusative	طَرَفَيْنِ ṭarafayni	الطَّرَفَيْنِ aṭ-ṭarafayni	طَرَفَيْ ṭarafay
Genitive	طَرَفَيْنِ ṭarafayni	الطَّرَفَيْنِ aṭ-ṭarafayni	طَرَفَيْ ṭarafay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَطْرَاف ʔaṭrāf	الْأَطْرَاف al-ʔaṭrāf	أَطْرَاف ʔaṭrāf
Nominative	أَطْرَافٌ ʔaṭrāfun	الْأَطْرَافُ al-ʔaṭrāfu	أَطْرَافُ ʔaṭrāfu
Accusative	أَطْرَافًا ʔaṭrāfan	الْأَطْرَافَ al-ʔaṭrāfa	أَطْرَافَ ʔaṭrāfa
Genitive	أَطْرَافٍ ʔaṭrāfin	الْأَطْرَافِ al-ʔaṭrāfi	أَطْرَافِ ʔaṭrāfi

Descendants

• Cypriot Arabic: taraf
• Maltese: tarf
• → Azerbaijani: tərəf
• → Bengali: তরফ (toroph)
• → Bashkir: тараф (taraf)
• → Chagatai: طرف
  • Uyghur: تەرەپ (terep)
  • Uzbek: taraf
• → Gujarati: તરફ (taraph)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: तरफ़ (taraf)

  Urdu: طرف

  • → English: taraf
• → Kazakh: тарап (tarap)
• → Malay: taraf
  • Indonesian: taraf
• → Ottoman Turkish: طرف (taraf)
  • Turkish: taraf
  • → Albanian: taraf
  • → Armenian: թարաֆ (tʿaraf)
  • → Laz: ტარაჶი (ťarafi)
  • → Romanian: taraf
• → Persian: طرف (taraf)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਤਰਫ਼ (taraf)

  Shahmukhi script: طرف (t̤rf)

• → Turkmen: tarap

(via plural form أَطْرَاف (ʔaṭrāf))

• → Azerbaijani: ətraf
• → Persian: اطراف
• → Urdu: اطراف
• → Ottoman Turkish: اطراف (etrâf)
  • → Turkish: etraf
• → Uyghur: ئەتراپ (etrap)
• → Uzbek: atrof

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَف (ṭaraf).

Noun

طرف • (taraf) (dual طرفان, oblique dual طرفین, feminine and plural اطراف)

1. end; side; edge; border

   بر طرفدن ― bir tarafdan ― from one side

2. part, portion
3. site, place
4. district, region
5. side (one party in a dispute)

   طرف طوتمق ― taraf tutmak ― to take sides

Descendants

• Turkish: taraf
• → Albanian: taraf
• → Armenian: թարաֆ (tʿaraf)
• → Laz: ტარაჶი (ťarafi)
• → Romanian: taraf

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “taraf”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “طرف”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1237
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “طرف”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 803

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic طَرَف (ṭaraf).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ta.ˈɾaf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæ.ɹǽf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ɾǽf]

Readings
Classical reading?	taraf
Dari reading?	taraf
Iranian reading?	taraf
Tajik reading?	taraf

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Noun

Dari	طرف
Iranian Persian
Tajik	тараф

طرف • (taraf) (plural اطراف)

1. side
2. area
3. direction

Urdu

Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic طَرَف (ṭaraf).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /t̪ə.ɾəf/
• Rhymes: -əf
• Hyphenation: طَ‧رَف

Noun

طَرَف • (taraf) f (Hindi spelling तरफ़)

1. side
2. direction

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu طرف (taraf).

Noun

طرف (taraf)

1. side
2. direction