عبر

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See also: غبر and غ ب ر

Arabic[edit]

Root
ع ب ر (ʕ-b-r)

Etymology 1[edit]

From the root ع ب ر (ʕ-b-r). Compare Hebrew עָבַר (ʿāḇar, “to cross”), Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩨𐩧 (ʿbr, “to transgress”), Akkadian 𒁄 (ebēru, “to cross”).

Verb[edit]

عَبَرَ • (ʕabara) I, non-past يَعْبُرُ‎ (yaʕburu)

  1. to cross, to traverse
  2. to ford
  3. to swim (something)
  4. to pass over
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَبَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns عَبْر or عُبُور)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
عَبْر or عُبُور

ʕabr or ʕubūr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ʕābir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maʕbūr
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕabartu
ʕabarta
عَبَرَ

ʕabara
ʕabartumā
ʕabarā
ʕabarnā
ʕabartum
ʕabarū
f
ʕabarti
ʕabarat
ʕabaratā
ʕabartunna
ʕabarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaʕburu
taʕburu
yaʕburu
taʕburāni
yaʕburāni
naʕburu
taʕburūna
yaʕburūna
f
taʕburīna
taʕburu
taʕburāni
taʕburna
yaʕburna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaʕbura
taʕbura
yaʕbura
taʕburā
yaʕburā
naʕbura
taʕburū
yaʕburū
f
taʕburī
taʕbura
taʕburā
taʕburna
yaʕburna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaʕbur
taʕbur
yaʕbur
taʕburā
yaʕburā
naʕbur
taʕburū
yaʕburū
f
taʕburī
taʕbur
taʕburā
taʕburna
yaʕburna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
uʕbur
uʕburā
uʕburū
f
uʕburī
uʕburna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕubirtu
ʕubirta
عُبِرَ

ʕubira
ʕubirtumā
ʕubirā
ʕubirnā
ʕubirtum
ʕubirū
f
ʕubirti
ʕubirat
ʕubiratā
ʕubirtunna
ʕubirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕbaru
tuʕbaru
yuʕbaru
tuʕbarāni
yuʕbarāni
nuʕbaru
tuʕbarūna
yuʕbarūna
f
tuʕbarīna
tuʕbaru
tuʕbarāni
tuʕbarna
yuʕbarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕbara
tuʕbara
yuʕbara
tuʕbarā
yuʕbarā
nuʕbara
tuʕbarū
yuʕbarū
f
tuʕbarī
tuʕbara
tuʕbarā
tuʕbarna
yuʕbarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕbar
tuʕbar
yuʕbar
tuʕbarā
yuʕbarā
nuʕbar
tuʕbarū
yuʕbarū
f
tuʕbarī
tuʕbar
tuʕbarā
tuʕbarna
yuʕbarna

Verb[edit]

عَبَرَ • (ʕabara) I, non-past يَعْبُرُ‎ (yaʕburu)

  1. (transitive) to interpret
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 12:43:
      يَا أَيُّهَا ٱلْمَلَأُ أَفْتُونِي فِي رُؤْيَايَ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ لِلرُّؤْيَا تَعْبُرُونَ
      yā ʔayyuhā l-malaʔu ʔaftūnī fī ruʔyāya ʔin kuntum li-r-ruʔyā taʕburūna
      O people give me your opinion about my vision if you can see through it!
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَبَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns عَبْر or عِبَارَة)
verbal nouns
الْمَصَادِر
عَبْر or عِبَارَة

ʕabr or ʕibāra
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
ʕābir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
maʕbūr
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕabartu
ʕabarta
عَبَرَ

ʕabara
ʕabartumā
ʕabarā
ʕabarnā
ʕabartum
ʕabarū
f
ʕabarti
ʕabarat
ʕabaratā
ʕabartunna
ʕabarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔaʕburu
taʕburu
yaʕburu
taʕburāni
yaʕburāni
naʕburu
taʕburūna
yaʕburūna
f
taʕburīna
taʕburu
taʕburāni
taʕburna
yaʕburna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔaʕbura
taʕbura
yaʕbura
taʕburā
yaʕburā
naʕbura
taʕburū
yaʕburū
f
taʕburī
taʕbura
taʕburā
taʕburna
yaʕburna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔaʕbur
taʕbur
yaʕbur
taʕburā
yaʕburā
naʕbur
taʕburū
yaʕburū
f
taʕburī
taʕbur
taʕburā
taʕburna
yaʕburna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
uʕbur
uʕburā
uʕburū
f
uʕburī
uʕburna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕubirtu
ʕubirta
عُبِرَ

ʕubira
ʕubirtumā
ʕubirā
ʕubirnā
ʕubirtum
ʕubirū
f
ʕubirti
ʕubirat
ʕubiratā
ʕubirtunna
ʕubirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕbaru
tuʕbaru
yuʕbaru
tuʕbarāni
yuʕbarāni
nuʕbaru
tuʕbarūna
yuʕbarūna
f
tuʕbarīna
tuʕbaru
tuʕbarāni
tuʕbarna
yuʕbarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕbara
tuʕbara
yuʕbara
tuʕbarā
yuʕbarā
nuʕbara
tuʕbarū
yuʕbarū
f
tuʕbarī
tuʕbara
tuʕbarā
tuʕbarna
yuʕbarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕbar
tuʕbar
yuʕbar
tuʕbarā
yuʕbarā
nuʕbar
tuʕbarū
yuʕbarū
f
tuʕbarī
tuʕbar
tuʕbarā
tuʕbarna
yuʕbarna

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

عَبْر • (ʕabr) m

  1. verbal noun of عَبَرَ (ʕabara) (form I)
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun عَبْر (ʕabr)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal عَبْر
ʕabr 		الْعَبْر
al-ʕabr 		عَبْر
ʕabr
Nominative عَبْرٌ
ʕabrun 		الْعَبْرُ
al-ʕabru 		عَبْرُ
ʕabru
Accusative عَبْرًا
ʕabran 		الْعَبْرَ
al-ʕabra 		عَبْرَ
ʕabra
Genitive عَبْرٍ
ʕabrin 		الْعَبْرِ
al-ʕabri 		عَبْرِ
ʕabri

Etymology 3[edit]

Adverbial accusative of عَبْر (ʕabr, “crossing”). Compare Old South Arabian 𐩲𐩨𐩧 (ʿbr, “towards”).

Preposition[edit]

عَبْرَ • (ʕabra)

  1. across
Inflection[edit]
    Inflected forms
Base form عَبْرَ (ʕabra)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person عَبْرِي (ʕabrī) عَبْرَنَا (ʕabranā)
Second person عَبْرَكَ (ʕabraka) عَبْرَكِ (ʕabraki) عَبْرَكُمَا (ʕabrakumā) عَبْرَكُمْ (ʕabrakum) عَبْرَكُنَّ (ʕabrakunna)
Third person عَبْرَهُ (ʕabrahu) عَبْرَهَا (ʕabrahā) عَبْرَهُمَا (ʕabrahumā) عَبْرَهُمْ (ʕabrahum) عَبْرَهُنَّ (ʕabrahunna)

Etymology 4[edit]

From the root ع ب ر (ʕ-b-r) and in the meanings of explaining, interpreting, expressing a semantic loan from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wtltn' /⁠widārdan⁠/, “to cause to pass”) = Classical Persian گذاردن (guḏārdan, “to cause to pass; to clean, to purge; to put, to place”), [Book Pahlavi needed] (wcʾltn' /⁠wizārdan⁠/, “to separate; to explain, to interpret, to express”) = گزاردن (gozârdan, “to cause to pass; to draw the outline of a picture; to express”).

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Verb[edit]

عَبَّرَ • (ʕabbara) II, non-past يُعَبِّرُ‎ (yuʕabbiru)

  1. (ditransitive) to get across
    1. (obsolete, literally) to make cross, to cause to pass over, to convey across [+ بِ (object) = over what]
    2. (transferred) to express, to put into terms [+ عَنْ (object)]
  2. (transitive) to interpret
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of
عَبَّرَ
(form-II sound)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
taʕbīr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
muʕabbir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
muʕabbar
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕabbartu
ʕabbarta
عَبَّرَ

ʕabbara
ʕabbartumā
ʕabbarā
ʕabbarnā
ʕabbartum
ʕabbarū
f
ʕabbarti
ʕabbarat
ʕabbaratā
ʕabbartunna
ʕabbarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕabbiru
tuʕabbiru
yuʕabbiru
tuʕabbirāni
yuʕabbirāni
nuʕabbiru
tuʕabbirūna
yuʕabbirūna
f
tuʕabbirīna
tuʕabbiru
tuʕabbirāni
tuʕabbirna
yuʕabbirna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕabbira
tuʕabbira
yuʕabbira
tuʕabbirā
yuʕabbirā
nuʕabbira
tuʕabbirū
yuʕabbirū
f
tuʕabbirī
tuʕabbira
tuʕabbirā
tuʕabbirna
yuʕabbirna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕabbir
tuʕabbir
yuʕabbir
tuʕabbirā
yuʕabbirā
nuʕabbir
tuʕabbirū
yuʕabbirū
f
tuʕabbirī
tuʕabbir
tuʕabbirā
tuʕabbirna
yuʕabbirna
imperative
الْأَمْر 		m
عَبِّرْ

ʕabbir
ʕabbirā
ʕabbirū
f
ʕabbirī
ʕabbirna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد 		dual
الْمُثَنَّى 		plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب 		1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم 		2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب 		3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي 		m
ʕubbirtu
ʕubbirta
عُبِّرَ

ʕubbira
ʕubbirtumā
ʕubbirā
ʕubbirnā
ʕubbirtum
ʕubbirū
f
ʕubbirti
ʕubbirat
ʕubbiratā
ʕubbirtunna
ʕubbirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع 		m
ʔuʕabbaru
tuʕabbaru
yuʕabbaru
tuʕabbarāni
yuʕabbarāni
nuʕabbaru
tuʕabbarūna
yuʕabbarūna
f
tuʕabbarīna
tuʕabbaru
tuʕabbarāni
tuʕabbarna
yuʕabbarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب 		m
ʔuʕabbara
tuʕabbara
yuʕabbara
tuʕabbarā
yuʕabbarā
nuʕabbara
tuʕabbarū
yuʕabbarū
f
tuʕabbarī
tuʕabbara
tuʕabbarā
tuʕabbarna
yuʕabbarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم 		m
ʔuʕabbar
tuʕabbar
yuʕabbar
tuʕabbarā
yuʕabbarā
nuʕabbar
tuʕabbarū
yuʕabbarū
f
tuʕabbarī
tuʕabbar
tuʕabbarā
tuʕabbarna
yuʕabbarna

References[edit]

  • “ebēru”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago (CAD)‎[1], volume 4, E, Chicago: University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1958, page 10
  • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1898) “Zum sporadischen Lautwandel in den semitischen Sprachen”, in Beiträge zur Assyriologie und semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎[2] (in German), volume 3, pages 69–70

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ع ب ر
4 terms

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic عَبَّرَ (ʕabbara).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ʕab.bar/, [ˈʕab.bar]
  • Audio (al-Lidd)(file)

Verb[edit]

عبّر • (ʕabbar) II (present بعبّر (biʕabber))

  1. to express
  2. to consider, to care about

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of عبّر (ʕabbar)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m عبّرت (ʕabbart) عبّرت (ʕabbart) عبّر (ʕabbar) عبّرنا (ʕabbarna) عبّرتو (ʕabbartu) عبّرو (ʕabbaru)
f عبّرتي (ʕabbarti) عبّرت (ʕabbarat)
present m بعبّر (baʕabber) بتعبّر (bitʕabber) بعبّر (biʕabber) منعبّر (minʕabber) بتعبّرو (bitʕabbru) بعبّرو (biʕabbru)
f بتعبّري (bitʕabbri) بتعبّر (bitʕabber)
subjunctive m اعبّر (aʕabber) تعبّر (tʕabber) يعبّر (yʕabber) نعبّر (nʕabber) تعبّرو (tʕabbru) يعبّرو (yʕabbru)
f تعبّري (tʕabbri) تعبّر (tʕabber)
imperative m عبّر (ʕabber) عبّرو (ʕabbru)
f عبّري (ʕabbri)
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