शिरस्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শিৰস্ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬶᬭᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
• শিরস্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰰𑰨𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀺𑀭𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ၐိရသ် (Burmese script)
• શિરસ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਿਰਸੑ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌿𑌰𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦶꦫꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂱𑂩𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಿರಸ್ (Kannada script)
• ឝិរស៑ (Khmer script)
• ຨິຣສ຺ (Lao script)
• ശിരസ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡳᡵᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘱𑘨𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠢᠷᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧒𑧈𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐶𑐬𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଶିରସ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢶꢬꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆴𑆫𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖰𑖨𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
• ශිරස් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩑𑩼𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚮𑚤𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
• ஶிரஸ் (Tamil script)
• శిరస్ (Telugu script)
• ศิรสฺ (Thai script)
• ཤི་ར་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒱𑒩𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨁𑨫𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱŕ̥h₂-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head”); see there for more. Related to Vedic Sanskrit शीर्षन् (śīrṣán). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕí.ɾɐs/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɕi.ɾɐs̪/

Noun

शिरस् • (śíras) stem, n

1. (anatomy) head, skull
2. the upper end or highest part of anything, top, peak, summit, pinnacle, acme
3. the forepart or van (of an army)
4. the beginning (of a verse)
5. the head, leader, chief, foremost, first (of a class)

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of शिरस् (śíras)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शिरः śíraḥ	शिरसी śírasī	शिरांसि śírāṃsi
Vocative	शिरः śíraḥ	शिरसी śírasī	शिरांसि śírāṃsi
Accusative	शिरः śíraḥ	शिरसी śírasī	शिरांसि śírāṃsi
Instrumental	शिरसा śírasā	शिरोभ्याम् śírobhyām	शिरोभिः śírobhiḥ
Dative	शिरसे śírase	शिरोभ्याम् śírobhyām	शिरोभ्यः śírobhyaḥ
Ablative	शिरसः śírasaḥ	शिरोभ्याम् śírobhyām	शिरोभ्यः śírobhyaḥ
Genitive	शिरसः śírasaḥ	शिरसोः śírasoḥ	शिरसाम् śírasām
Locative	शिरसि śírasi	शिरसोः śírasoḥ	शिरःसु śíraḥsu

Borrowed terms

• → Telugu: శిరస్సు (śirassu), శిరసు (śirasu)

Descendants

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)
  • Awadhi: सिर (sir)
• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: [script needed] (hīrü)
  • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šīr)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Sinhalese: සිර (sira)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)
  • Assamese: সিৰ (xir)
  • Bengali: শির (śir)
  • Maithili: सिर (sir)
  • Odia: ସିର (sirô)
• Pali: siras
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀺𑀭 (sira)
  • Garhwali: सिर (sir)
  • Gujarati: સિર (sir)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: सिर (sir)

    Urdu: سر (sir)

  • Kumaoni: सिर (sir)
  • Nepali: सिर (sir)
  • Punjabi: ਸਿਰ (sir)
  • Romani: śero, shero; šero
    • Kalo Finnish Romani: ȟeero
    • → Hungarian: séró

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “शिरस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1072/2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śíras”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 638-639