carry; what; how carry; what; how; why; which |
not; no | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (何不) |
何 | 不 | |
| Rime | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 何 | 不 | 不 | 不 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 文 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 胡歌切 | 甫鳩切 | 方久切 | 分勿切 |
| Baxter | ha | pjuw | pjuwX | pjut |
| Reconstructions | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ɦɑ/ | /pɨu/ | /pɨuX/ | /pɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ɦɑ/ | /piu/ | /piuX/ | /piut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ɣɑ/ | /piəu/ | /piəuX/ | /piuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ɦa/ | /puw/ | /puwX/ | /put̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/ɣɑ/ | /piu/ | /piuX/ | /piuət̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/ɣɑ/ | /pĭəu/ | /pĭəuX/ | /pĭuət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ɣɑ/ | /pi̯ə̯u/ | /pi̯ə̯uX/ | /pi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
hé | fōu | fǒu | fu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
ho4 | fau1 | fau2 | fat1 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 何 | 不 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
hé | bù |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ ha › | ‹ pjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[ɡ]ˁaj/ | /*pə/ |
| English | what | not |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character | 何 | 不 | 不 | 不 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 7458 | 1025 | 1029 | 1048 |
| Phonetic component |
可 | 不 | 不 | 不 |
| Rime group |
歌 | 之 | 之 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
何 | 不 | 缶 | 弗 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɡaːl/ | /*pɯ/ | /*pɯʔ/ | /*pɯ'/ |
| Notes | 象花柎與本同源 | 中古才促化 | ||
何不