入る

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
はい
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
這入る
挿入る (neologism, sex)

From older 這い入る (haiiru, older pronunciation faiiru), itself a compound of 這い (to crawl, continuative form) +‎ 入る (iru, to enter, to go in).[1][2][3][4]

  • /faiiru//fairu//hairu/

This shortened hairu form is first attested from the early 1200s.[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "入る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
入る いる [háꜜìrù]
Imperative (命令形) 入れ いれ [háꜜìrè]
Key constructions
Passive 入られる いられ [hàíráréꜜrù]
Causative 入らせる いらせ [hàíráséꜜrù]
Potential 入れる いれ [hàíréꜜrù]
Volitional 入ろう いろ [hàíróꜜò]
Negative 入らない いらない [hàíráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 入らなかった いらなかった [hàíráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 入ります いりま [hàírímáꜜsù]
Perfective 入った いった [háꜜìttà]
Conjunctive 入って いって [háꜜìttè]
Hypothetical conditional 入れば いれば [háꜜìrèbà]

Verb[edit]

(はい) (hairuintransitive godan (stem (はい) (hairi), past (はい)った (haitta))

  1. [from early 1200s] to enter, go into, get into a place or a thing
    ()()(はい)
    o-furo ni hairu
    get in the bath
    (たい)(さく)(けん)(とう)(はい)
    taisaku no kentō ni hairu
    enter countermeasure discussion → start discussing plans for countermeasures
    ()(れつ)(はい)ったタイヤ
    kiretsu ga haitta taiya
    tire with cracks that have entered it → a cracked tire
    Antonym: 出る (deru, to leave, to exit, to go out)
    1. [from early 1900s] to join a group or organization
  2. [from late 1700s] to be contained (in), to be included (in)
  3. to be a member of a group, set, category
    (せん)(せい)バナナおやつ(はい)りますか?
    Sensei, banana wa o-yatsu ni hairimasu ka?
    Teacher, do bananas count as snacks? (rhetorical question in popular culture)
  4. to be in a container, building, etc.
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      この()()には(ひゃく)(にん)(はい)れる
      Kono heya ni wa hyaku-nin haireru.
      In this room, one hundred people can enter → This room can contain a hundred people.
  5. [from 1869] to enter a period of time
    (れい)()()(だい)(はい)(ばん)(はい)
    Reiwa jidai ni hairu, ban ni hairu
    to enter the Reiwa era, to enter into evening
  6. [from 1902] to be included and available for use
    ノートに(けい)(はい)った
    nōto ni kei ga haitta
    in the notebook, lines are in it → the notebook has lines in it → the notebook has ruled pages
Conjugation[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Japanese verb pair
active ()れる
mediopassive ()

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Man'yōshū of 759.[6]

For the development of the to be necessary sense, consider the English phrase to come into it in the sense to be a factor in something. In modern usage, this particular sense is more commonly spelled as 要る.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "入る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
入る [ìrú]
Imperative (命令形) 入れ [ìré]
Key constructions
Passive 入られる られる [ìrárérú]
Causative 入らせる らせる [ìrásérú]
Potential 入られる られる [ìrárérú]
Volitional 入ろう [ìróꜜò]
Negative 入らない らない [ìránáí]
Negative perfective 入らなかった らなかった [ìránáꜜkàttà]
Formal 入ります りま [ìrímáꜜsù]
Perfective 入った った [ìttá]
Conjunctive 入って って [ìtté]
Hypothetical conditional 入れば [ìréꜜbà]

Verb[edit]

() (iruintransitive godan (stem () (iri), past ()った (itta))

  1. [from 759] to go in; to come in
    • 2007, 新時代日漢辭典新时代日汉辞典 (Xīn Shídài Rì-hàn Cídiǎn), 1st edition, 大新書局大新书局 (Dàxīn Shūjú), →ISBN:
      (おれ)(みみ)(みず)()った
      Ore no mimi ni mizu ga itta
      Water went in my ear
  2. [from 900s] 要る: to be necessary, to be required
    (かね)いる
    okane ga iru ne
    money comes into it → money is needed → you'll need money
Usage notes[edit]
  • Mostly confined to fixed expressions and idioms.
Conjugation[edit]
Idioms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

() (irutransitive nidan

  1. to put something into something else
Conjugation[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 入・這入”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998) 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  6. ^ 入・要”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.