勒

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勒 U+52D2, 勒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52D2
← 勑
[U+52D1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勓 →
[U+52D3]
勒 U+F952, 勒
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F952
← 陋
[U+F951] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 肋 →
[U+F953]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

勒 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十大尸 (TJKS), four-corner 44527, composition ⿰革力)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 374, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+52D2

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 勒

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勒 *rɯːɡ
肋 *rɯːɡ
扐 *rɯːɡ
仂 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
艻 *rɯːɡ
朸 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
玏 *rɯːɡ
泐 *rɯːɡ, *rɯɡ
阞 *rɯːɡ
竻 *rɯːɡ
力 *rɯɡ
屴 *rɯɡ
鳨 *rɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːɡ) : semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: lēi - vernacular (“to tie tight”) - lè - literary (other senses).
Note:
  • lia̍k/le̍k - literary (“to roll up one's sleeves or trousers (Zhangzhou)”);
  • liak - literary (“to make a pleat”);
  • lek - (“to roll up one's sleeves or trousers (Xiamen, Zhangzhou); to use one's hand to straighten up something”);
  • la̍k - used in 肥勒爺／肥勒爷;
  • leh/le̍h - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 勒
Mandarin Beijing /lɤ⁵¹/
Harbin /lɤ²¹³/ ～令
/lei⁴⁴/ ～緊
Tianjin /lei²¹/
/lɤ⁵³/
Jinan /lə²¹³/
/lei²¹³/
Qingdao /lə⁴²/
/le⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /lei²¹/
Xining /lɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /lia¹³/
/lə¹³/
Lanzhou /lə¹³/
Ürümqi /lei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /nɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /ne³¹/
/nie³¹/
Guiyang /lɛ²¹/
Kunming /lə³¹/
Nanjing /ləʔ⁵/
Hefei /laɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /liəʔ²/
Pingyao /lʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ləʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ləʔ¹/
Suzhou /ləʔ³/
Hangzhou /ləʔ²/
Wenzhou /le²¹³/
Hui Shexian /le²²/
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha /lə²⁴/
Xiangtan /næ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /lɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /let̚⁵/
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou /lɐk̚²/
Nanning /lɐk̚²²/
Hong Kong /lɐk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lik̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /lɛiʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /lɛ⁴²/
Shantou (Teochew) /lek̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /lek̚⁵/
/lek̚³/
Rime
Character 勒
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 登 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 盧則切
Baxter lok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lək̚/
Li
Rong 		/lək̚/
Wang
Li 		/lək̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/lək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勒 勒
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lè lè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lok › ‹ lok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[r]ˁək/ /*[r]ˁək/
English engrave bridle

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勒
Reading # 1/1
No. 7844
Phonetic
component 		力
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		勒
Old
Chinese 		/*rɯːɡ/
Notes 說文力聲，金文或單作革，
實革轉註分化字

Definitions[edit]

勒

  1. (literary) bridle (headgear for a horse)
  2. to rein in; to restrain
  3. to compel; to force; to coerce
  4. to halter; to headstall
  5. (literary) to command; to lead; to lay out (forces)
  6. (colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten
  7. to restrict; to limit
  8. (literary) to cut; to carve; to engrave
  9. to compile; to bind (to make a book)
  10. to write; to draw; to depict
  11. to extort; to blackmail
  12. to tantalise; to provoke
  13. Short for 勒克斯 (lèkèsī, “lux”).
  14. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to roll up one's sleeves or trousers
  15. (Xiamen Hokkien) to use one's hand to straighten up something
  16. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to make a pleat
  17. a surname: Zai
Synonyms[edit]
  • (to carve):

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with Shanghainese 辣.

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

勒 (Northern Wu)

  1. at; in
  2. the process of; currently
Synonyms[edit]
  • (at):
Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 於
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 在
Mandarin Beijing 在, 挨, 跟
Taiwan 在
Harbin 在
Jinan 在, 從
Wanrong 在
Xi'an 在
Ürümqi 在
Wuhan 在
Chengdu 在
Guiyang 在
Guilin 在
Liuzhou 在
Yangzhou 在
Nanjing 在
Hefei 在
Malaysia 在
Singapore 在
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺, 響
Hong Kong 喺, 響
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 喺, 在
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 喺, 響
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 在
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 在
Macau 喺
Guangzhou (Panyu) 喺, 響
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 響, 喺
Guangzhou (Conghua) 在
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 在
Foshan 喺, 響
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 喺, 響
Foshan (Shunde) 喺
Foshan (Sanshui) 喺
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 喺, 響
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 在
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 在
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 響, 揀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 揀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 喺
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 喺
Taishan 到, 響
Kaiping (Chikan) 到, 響
Enping (Niujiang) 到, 響
Heshan (Yayao) 響
Dongguan 響, 在, 喺
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 在
Yangjiang 在
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 喺, 響
Singapore (Guangfu) 喺
Gan Nanchang 在
Lichuan 在
Pingxiang 在
Hakka Meixian 嗨
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 在
Dongguan (Qingxi) 在
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 在
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 在
Conghua (Lütian) 在
Yudu 在
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 在
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 在
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 在
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 在
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 在
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 在
Hong Kong 在
Senai (Huiyang) 在
Kuching (Hepo) 在
Singapore (Dabu) 在
Jin Taiyuan 在
Xinzhou 在
Northern Min Jian'ou 到
Eastern Min Fuzhou 著, 在, 洽
Fuqing 著, 洽
Singapore (Fuqing) 著
Southern Min Xiamen 佇, 踮, 蹛
Quanzhou 佇, 踮, 蹛
Zhangzhou 佇, 咧, 蹛
Zhao'an 佇, 蹛
Taipei 佇
New Taipei (Sanxia) 佇
Kaohsiung 佇
Yilan 佇
Changhua (Lukang) 佇
Taichung 佇
Tainan 佇, 踮, 蹛
Hsinchu 佇
Kinmen 佇
Penghu (Magong) 佇
Penang (Hokkien) 佇, 蹛
Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 壏
Manila (Hokkien) 佇, 踮
Chaozhou 在
Shantou 在
Shantou (Chenghai) 在
Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
Jieyang 在, 壏, 放
Haifeng 著
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 在
Singapore (Teochew) 在, 壏
Leizhou 佇, 放
Wenchang 佇
Singapore (Hainanese) 佇
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 在
Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海, 辣該
Suzhou 勒
Danyang 在
Hangzhou 勒, 勒哈, 在
Ningbo 來, 來勒, 來的, 來東, 來當, 來該
Wenzhou 是
Xiang Changsha 在
Loudi 在
Shuangfeng 在
  • (the process of):
Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 正在, 刻正
Mandarin Beijing 正在, 在
Taiwan 正在, 在
Guilin 在
Malaysia 正在, 在
Singapore 正在, 在
Cantonese Guangzhou 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
Hong Kong 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處
Singapore (Guangfu) 喺度
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 在該, 當在
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 當, 在該
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 在該
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 在該
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 在該
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 正在, 在遐
Eastern Min Fuzhou 著𡅏, 𡅏
Fuqing 著𡅏
Singapore (Fuqing) 著𡅏
Southern Min Xiamen 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Quanzhou 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧
Zhangzhou 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時
Tainan 佇咧, 咧, 當咧
Penang (Hokkien) 佇
Singapore (Hokkien) 佇, 佇咧
Manila (Hokkien) 佇咧, 咧
Shantou 在
Shantou (Chaoyang) 在
Singapore (Teochew) 在
Wu Shanghai 辣, 辣辣, 辣海
Ningbo 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒
Wenzhou 是, 是搭

Etymology 3[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

勒

  1. Alternative form of 嘞 (“modal particle”)

Etymology 4[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 勒 – see 捩 (“(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger”).
(This character is a variant form of 捩).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

勒

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. halter and bit

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Kanji in this term
勒
ろく
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Middle Chinese 勒 (lək̚)

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

勒(ろく) • (roku) 

  1. bit (metal in horse's mouth)
  2. headstall
  3. the second of the Eight Principles of Yong

Hypernyms[edit]

Coordinate terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

勒 (eum 륵 (reuk))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

勒: Hán Nôm readings: lặc, lắc, lấc, lật, lất

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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