支持

Chinese

		(a measure word); to support; to sustain (a measure word); to support; to sustain; to erect; to raise; branch; division; to draw money	to grasp; to hold; support to grasp; to hold; support; manage; direct; maintain
trad. (支持)		支	持
simp. #(支持)		支	持

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhīchí

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄔˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zi¹ ci⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): zi¹ ci³

• Gan (Wiktionary): zi¹ ci
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳ̂-chhṳ̀
• Eastern Min (BUC): ciĕ-tì
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chi-chhî / ki-chhî

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zin¹ ti⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhīchí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄔˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhihchíh
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹-chʻih²
    • Yale: jr̄-chŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jychyr
    • Palladius: чжичи (čžiči)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi¹ ci⁴
    • Yale: jī chìh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ tsi⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ qi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: zi¹ ci³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si³³ t͡sʰi²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: zi¹ ci
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁴² t͡sʰz̩²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳ̂-chhṳ̀
    • Hakka Romanization System: zii´ ciiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zi¹ ci²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨ²⁴ t͡sʰɨ¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ciĕ-tì
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sie⁵⁵ ^(tʰ-)li⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi-chhî
    • Tâi-lô: tsi-tshî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cichii
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰi²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡si⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-chhî
    • Tâi-lô: ki-tshî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kichii
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ t͡sʰi²⁴/
    • IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ t͡sʰi¹¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰi²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zin¹ ti⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsiⁿ thî
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sĩ³³⁻²³ tʰi⁵⁵/

Verb

支持

1. to support; to back

   全力支持  ―  quánlì zhīchí  ―  to give full support

   大多數人對提案持支持意見。 [MSC, trad.]
   大多数人对提案持支持意见。 [MSC, simp.]

   Dàduōshù rén duì tí'àn chí zhīchí yìjiàn. [Pinyin]

   Most people expressed support for the proposal.

   別支持人不像人，鬼不像鬼的勞退金新制。 [MSC, trad.]
   别支持人不像人，鬼不像鬼的劳退金新制。 [MSC, simp.]

   Bié zhīchí rénbùxiàngrén，guǐbùxiàngguǐ de láotuìjīn xīnzhì. [Pinyin]

   Don't support the new ghastly labor retirement system.

   我的態度是同意和支持。 [MSC, trad.]
   我的态度是同意和支持。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒ de tàidù shì tóngyì hé zhīchí. [Pinyin]

   I am in agreement and will lend support.

2. to sustain; to hold out

Synonyms

• (to support):

• 佐理 (zuǒlǐ) (literary, with a task)
• 使勁／使劲 (shǐjìn)
• 加勢／加势 (jiāshì)
• 助 (zhù)
• 助力 (zhùlì)
• 助理 (zhùlǐ)
• 助益 (zhùyì) (literary)
• 匡助 (kuāngzhù) (literary)
• 協助／协助 (xiézhù)
• 參佐／参佐 (cānzuǒ) (literary)
• 增援 (zēngyuán, “to provide reinforcements”)
• 幫／帮 (bāng)
• 幫助／帮助 (bāngzhù)
• 幫同／帮同 (bāngtóng) (literary)
• 幫寸／帮寸 (bāngcùn)
• 幫帶／帮带 (bāngdài)
• 幫忙／帮忙 (bāngmáng)
• 幫手／帮手 (bong¹ sau²) (Cantonese)
• 幫扶／帮扶 (bāngfú)
• 幫襯／帮衬 (bāngchèn)
• 幫贈／帮赠 (Hokkien)
• 扶
• 扶助 (fúzhù)
• 扶持 (fúchí)
• 扶掖 (fúyè) (formal)
• 拉巴 (dialectal)
• 挺 (tǐng)
• 援助 (yuánzhù)
• 𢯭手 (Hakka)
• 支助 (zhīzhù) (literary)
• 支援 (zhīyuán)
• 救 (jiù)
• 相幫／相帮 (xiāngbāng) (dialectal)
• 翼 (yì) (literary, or in compounds)
• 聲援／声援 (shēngyuán, “to express support for”)
• 臂助 (bìzhù) (literary)
• 補益／补益 (bǔyì)
• 補臺／补台 (bǔtái) (mainland China)
• 贈力／赠力 (Hokkien)
• 贈助／赠助 (Hokkien)
• 贊喙／赞喙 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
• 贈手／赠手 (Hokkien)
• 贊聲／赞声 (“to express support for”) (Hokkien)
• 輔助／辅助 (fǔzhù)
• 陪 (péi) (literary, or in compounds)
• 鬥幫贈／斗帮赠 (Hokkien)
• 鬥相共／斗相共 (Hokkien)
• 鬥跤手／斗跤手 (Hokkien)
• 鬥跤搭／斗跤搭 (Hokkien)

 

• (to sustain): 維持／维持 (wéichí)

Noun

支持

1. support; backing

   技術支持／技术支持  ―  jìshù zhīchí  ―  technical support

   政府的支持  ―  zhèngfǔ de zhīchí  ―  governmental support

Usage notes

In Hong Kong and Taiwan, the term 支持 (zhīchí) means to support mentally, e.g. 我支持你的意見／我支持你的意见 (“I support your opinion”), while the term 支援 (zhīyuán) means to support physically or by action, and also including IT-related senses, e.g. 技術支援／技术支援 (jìshù zhīyuán, “technical support”). In Mainland China, the usage of the term 支持 (zhīchí) may cover both aspects.

Derived terms

• 支持帶／支持带 (zhīchídài)
• 支持者 (zhīchízhě)
• 精神支持 (jīngshén zhīchí)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
支	持
し Grade: 5	じ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

支(し)持(じ) • (shiji) 

1. support

   支持(しじ)を得(え)る

   shiji o eru

   to gain support

   支持(しじ)を失(うしな)う

   shiji o ushinau

   to lose support

Antonyms

• 嫌悪(けんお) (ken'o, “aversion”)

Derived terms

• 支持(しじ)力(りょく) (shijiryoku)
• 支持(しじ)団体(だんたい) (shijidantai)
• 支持(しじ)層(そう) (shijisō)
• 支持(しじ)杭(こう) (shijikō)
• 支持(しじ)率(りつ) (shijiritsu)
• 支持(しじ)療法(りょうほう) (shijiryōhō)
• 支持(しじ)線(せん) (shijisen)
• 支持(しじ)者(しゃ) (shijisha)
• 支持基(しじき)盤(ばん) (shijikiban)
• 支持母(しじぼ)体(たい) (shijibotai)

 

Verb

支(し)持(じ)する • (shiji suru) suru (stem 支(し)持(じ)し (shiji shi), past 支(し)持(じ)した (shiji shita))

1. support

   動議(どうぎ)を支持(しじ)する

   dōgi o shiji suru

   to second a motion

Conjugation

Conjugation of "支持する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	支持し	しじし	shiji shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	支持し	しじし	shiji shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	支持する	しじする	shiji suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	支持する	しじする	shiji suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	支持すれ	しじすれ	shiji sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	支持せよ¹ 支持しろ²	しじせよ¹ しじしろ²	shiji seyo¹ shiji shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	支持される	しじされる	shiji sareru
Causative	支持させる 支持さす	しじさせる しじさす	shiji saseru shiji sasu
Potential	支持できる	しじできる	shiji dekiru
Volitional	支持しよう	しじしよう	shiji shiyō
Negative	支持しない	しじしない	shiji shinai
Negative continuative	支持せず	しじせず	shiji sezu
Formal	支持します	しじします	shiji shimasu
Perfective	支持した	しじした	shiji shita
Conjunctive	支持して	しじして	shiji shite
Hypothetical conditional	支持すれば	しじすれば	shiji sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2000, Jonathan Bunt, Gillian Hall, The Oxford Starter Japanese Dictionary, First Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN