斧

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斧 U+65A7, 斧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65A7
← 斦
[U+65A6] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斨 →
[U+65A8]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

斧 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金大竹一中 (CKHML), four-corner 80221, composition ⿱父斤)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13539
  • Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2023, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+65A7

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 斧

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (父) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抪 *paː, *paːs
布 *paːs
佈 *paːs
怖 *pʰaːs
斧 *paʔ
父 *paʔ, *baʔ
蚥 *paʔ, *baʔ
滏 *baʔ
釜 *baʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paʔ) : phonetic 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”)

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-pʷa (“axe”) (STEDT). Cognate with Garo rua (“axe”), Jingpho nwa, ningwa (“axe”), Tangut 𘟬 (*wjị¹, “axe”), Japhug tɯrpa (“axe”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • bu2 - vernacular;
  • fu2 - literary.
Note:
  • Sixian:
    • pú - vernacular;
    • fú - literary.
Note:
  • bū - vernacular;
  • hǔ - literary.
Note:
  • puō - vernacular;
  • hū - literary.
Note:
  • pó͘/phú - vernacular;
  • hú - literary.
Rime
Character 斧
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 方矩切
Baxter pjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/pioX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭuX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fu2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斧
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǔ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p(r)aʔ/
English axe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斧
Reading # 1/1
No. 3499
Phonetic
component 		父
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		甫
Old
Chinese 		/*paʔ/

Definitions[edit]

斧

  1. axe; hatchet

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 斧子 (“axe; hatchet”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 斧
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 斧子, 斧頭
Mandarin Beijing 斧子
Taiwan 斧頭
Harbin 斧子
Yantai (Muping) 斧子
Jinan 斧子
Luoyang 斧
Wanrong 斧
Xi'an 斧頭
Yinchuan 斧頭
Lanzhou 斧頭
Xining 斧頭
Ürümqi 斧頭
Wuhan 斧頭
Chengdu 斧頭, 開山兒, 貓耳
Guiyang 斧頭
Liuzhou 斧頭
Xuzhou 斧子, 斧頭
Yangzhou 斧頭, 大斧
Nanjing 斧子
Hefei 斧頭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 斧頭
Cantonese Guangzhou 斧頭
Hong Kong 斧頭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 斧頭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 斧頭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 斧頭
Taishan 斧頭
Dongguan 斧頭
Yangjiang 斧頭
Nanning 斧頭
Hepu (Lianzhou) 斧頭
Danzhou 手斧
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 斧頭
Gan Nanchang 斧頭
Lichuan 斧頭
Pingxiang 斧頭
Hakka Meixian 斧頭
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 斧頭
Wuhua (Huacheng) 斧頭
Wuhua (Changbu) 斧頭
Wuhua (Mianyang) 斧頭
Jiexi 斧頭
Yudu 斧頭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 斧頭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 斧頭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 斧頭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 斧頭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 斧頭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 斧頭
Hong Kong 斧頭
Sabah (Longchuan) 斧頭
Senai (Huiyang) 斧頭
Huizhou Jixi 斧頭
Jin Taiyuan 斧子, 斧頭
Pingyao 斧子
Xinzhou 斧子
Hohhot 斧子
Northern Min Jian'ou 斧頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 斧頭
Southern Min Xiamen 斧頭
Quanzhou 斧, 斧頭
Kaohsiung 斧頭
Yilan 斧頭
Changhua (Lukang) 斧頭
Taichung 斧頭
Taichung (Wuqi) 斧頭
Tainan 斧頭
Taitung 斧頭
Hsinchu 斧頭
Penghu (Magong) 斧頭
Chaozhou 斧頭
Shantou 斧頭
Bangkok (Teochew) 斧頭
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 斧頭
Wenchang 斧
Haikou 斧
Zhongshan Min Sanxiang 斧頭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 斧頭
Shehua Fu'an 斧頭
Fuding 斧頭
Sanming 斧頭
Shunchang 斧頭
Hua'an 斧頭
Guixi (Zhangping) 斧頭
Cangnan 斧頭
Longyou 斧頭
Chaozhou 斧頭
Fengshun 斧頭
Wu Shanghai 斧頭
Shanghai (Chongming) 斧頭
Suzhou 斧頭
Danyang 大斧, 斧頭
Hangzhou 斧頭
Ningbo 斧頭
Wenzhou 斧頭
Jinhua 斧頭
Xiang Changsha 斧頭, 開山子, 開山
Loudi 貓頭, 開山子
Shuangfeng 貓頭, 斧頭, 開山子

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

斧

Kanji[edit]

斧

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
斧
おの
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
 斧 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Old Japanese. Logographically attested in the Man'yōshū as 斧, and phonetically attested in the Nihon Ryōiki with the man'yōgana spelling 乎乃.[1] In turn, from Proto-Japonic *wənə.


Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

斧(おの) or 斧(オノ) • (ono) ←をの (wono) or ヲノ (wono)?

  1. axe, hatchet
    • 1079, Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi, page 9 (back):
      斧 乎乃
      Axe: wono
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho:
      [3]
      Vono. ヲノ (斧) または、 Masacari. (鉞) 斧.
      Vono. ヲノ (斧) または、 Masacari. (鉞) 斧.
      Wono. Also masakari. A hatchet.
    • 2008 March 15, “アックス・レイダー [Axe Raider]”, in STARTER(スターター) DECK(デッキ), Konami:
      オノを持(も)つ戦(せん)士(し)。片(かた)手(て)でオノを振(ふ)り回(まわ)す攻(こう)撃(げき)はかなり強(つよ)い。
      Ono o motsu senshi. Katate de ono o furimawasu kōgeki wa kanari tsuyoi.
      An axe-wielding warrior. He swings his axe with only one arm, yet he can deal quite some heavy blows.

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
斧
よき
Jinmeiyō
irregular

Attested in the Shinsen Jikyō of circa 898-901 CE, with the man'yōgana spelling 与支.[4] Presumably from Proto-Japonic, but the first attestation in Japanese is too late to precisely reconstruct the vowels. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *yoki.

Despite widespread regional attestations, the lack of pitch accent information in standard Japanese could imply that this word is not used in modern standard Japanese.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Toyama, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi (Nagoya), Tottori, Shimane (Izumo), Okayama (Takamatsu)) よき [yòkí] (Heiban – [0])[5] The following dialects listed are Tokyo-type dialects. For more dialectial and accentual data, please consult the source.
  • IPA(key): [jo̞kʲi]
  • (Ishikawa (Kanazawa)) ゆき [yùkí] (Heiban – [0])[5]
  • IPA(key): [jɯ̟ᵝkʲi]

Noun[edit]

斧(よき) • (yoki) 

  1. (obsolete or dialectal, regional) a hatchet
    1. (dialectal, regional, Ibaraki, Nagoya, Hyōgo, Shikoku, Kyūshū) a small hatchet
    2. (dialectal, regional, Yamanashi) a big hatchet
    3. (dialectal, regional, southern Tohoku, Kantō, Hachijō, Chūbu, Kansai, Shikoku, Kyūshū) an axe, a hatchet (in general)
Usage notes[edit]

This term had apparently referred to a small type of hatchet. Depending on the dialect however, it can also refer to a big type of hatchet.

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 837
  2. ^ “おの［をの］ 【斧】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  3. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
  4. ^ “よき 【斧】”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典, Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院), pages 911-914
  • Tsukishima, Hiroshi (1079) Kojisho Ongi Shūsei 12: Konkōmyō Saishōōkyō Ongi (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Kyūko Shoin, published 1979, →ISBN.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

斧 • (bu) (hangeul 부)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Japonic *wənə.

Noun[edit]

斧 (wono2) (kana をの)

  1. an axe, hatchet
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 7, poem 1403:
      三幣帛取神之祝我鎮齊杉原燎木伐殆之國手斧所取奴
      mi1NUSA TORI KAMI2 NO2 PAPURI ga ITUKU SUGI1PARA TAKI1GI2 KO2RI POTOPOTOsikuni TE WONO2 TORAYEnu
      In the field of cedars, I take this offering; the god's priest worships. I almost cut the firewood holding the axe in my hand.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

斧: Hán Việt readings: phủ
斧: Nôm readings: búa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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