桑
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See also: 桒
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
桑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 水水水木 (EEED), four-corner 17904, composition ⿱叒木)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 526, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14772
- Dae Jaweon: page 914, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1209, character 3
- Unihan data for U+6851
Chinese[edit]
| trad. | 桑 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 桑 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 𰗑 | |
| alternative forms | 槡 𣕐 桒 𠭨 𠭌 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 桑 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
Etymology 1[edit]
Unknown (Schuessler (2007)).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
桑
Synonyms[edit]
Compounds[edit]
- 佛桑
- 巴達桑／巴达桑
- 扶桑 (fúsāng)
- 扶桑花
- 指桑罵槐／指桑骂槐 (zhǐsāngmàhuái)
- 指桑說槐／指桑说槐
- 暮景桑榆
- 暴桑
- 東海桑田／东海桑田
- 柴桑
- 桑中
- 桑中之約／桑中之约
- 桑乾河／桑干河 (Sānggānhé)
- 桑乾盆地／桑干盆地
- 桑堆 (Sāngduī)
- 桑弧蓬矢
- 桑德斯 (Sāngdésī)
- 桑扈
- 桑拿 (sāngná)
- 桑新婦／桑新妇
- 桑柔
- 桑柘
- 桑株 (Sāngzhū)
- 桑梓 (sāngzǐ)
- 桑梓之邦
- 桑榆 (sāngyú)
- 桑榆晚景 (sāngyúwǎnjǐng)
- 桑榆暮影
- 桑榆暮景 (sāngyúmùjǐng)
- 桑榆末景
- 桑樞／桑枢
- 桑樞甕牖／桑枢瓮牖
- 桑樹／桑树 (sāngshù)
- 桑澗／桑涧 (Sāngjiàn)
- 桑琅琅
- 桑田 (sāngtián)
- 桑白皮 (sāngbáipí)
- 桑皮紙／桑皮纸
- 桑科
- 桑給巴爾／桑给巴尔 (Sāngjǐbā'ěr)
- 桑葚
- 桑落
- 桑落酒
- 桑蓬之志
- 桑那浴
- 桑門／桑门
- 桑間之音／桑间之音 (sāngjiānzhīyīn)
- 桑間濮上／桑间濮上 (sāngjiānpúshàng)
- 桑麻
- 條桑育／条桑育
- 歐吉桑／欧吉桑 (ōujísāng)
- 歐巴桑／欧巴桑 (ōubāsāng)
- 歷盡滄桑／历尽沧桑
- 洛桑 (Luòsāng)
- 洛桑公約／洛桑公约
- 洛桑會議／洛桑会议
- 渤澥桑田
- 滄桑／沧桑 (cāngsāng)
- 滄桑之變／沧桑之变
- 滄海桑田／沧海桑田 (cānghǎisāngtián)
- 濮上桑間／濮上桑间
- 甕牖桑樞／瓮牖桑枢
- 生桑之夢／生桑之梦
- 田月桑時／田月桑时
- 白桑關／白桑关 (Báisāngguān)
- 研桑心計／研桑心计
- 空桑
- 空桑子
- 翳桑餓人／翳桑饿人
- 苞桑 (bāosāng)
- 躬桑
- 車桑仔／车桑仔
- 農桑／农桑
- 鄭衛桑間／郑卫桑间
- 阿巴桑
- 陌上桑
- 隰桑
- 雞犬桑麻／鸡犬桑麻
- 黃桑棒／黄桑棒
Etymology 2[edit]
Borrowed from Japanese さん (-san). Compare Min Nan 卡桑 (khà-sàng), 多桑 (tò-sàng), 歐巴桑／欧巴桑 (o͘-bá-sáng), and 歐吉桑／欧吉桑 (o͘-jí-sáng).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
桑
Synonyms[edit]
- 生 (shēng)
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- “桑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
桑
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kun: くわ (kuwa, 桑, Jōyō)←くは (kufa, 桑, historical)
- Nanori: こ (ko)
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桑 |
| くわ Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
/kupa/ → /kuɸa/ → /kuwa/
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *kupa.
Ultimate derivation unclear. Definitely not related to Korean 뽕 (ppong, “mulberry tree”) or 오디 (odi, “mulberry fruit”), nor to Ainu テㇱマニ (tesmani, “mulberry tree”) or ツレㇷ゚ニ (turepni, “mulberry tree”).
Some theories suggest this might have originally been a compound. Possible derivations may include:
- A shift from 蚕葉 (kopa, “silkworm + leaf”)
- A shift from 胡葉 (kopa, “non-Chinese people to the west of China + leaf”), possibly referencing the origin of some mulberry species in central Asia
- A contraction of 食ふ葉 (kupu pa, “eat + leaf”), where kupu is the ancient reading of modern 食う (kuu)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
桑 or 桑 • (kuwa) ←くは (kufa) or クハ (kufa)?
Usage notes[edit]
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クワ.
This term can refer to the fruit or the tree. For greater specificity, the following may be used:
- 桑の木 (kuwa no ki): mulberry tree
- 桑の実 (kuwa no mi): mulberry fruit
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 桑 |
| そう Grade: S |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sang).
Pronunciation[edit]
Affix[edit]
- mulberry
- (US) Short for 桑港 (“San Francisco (a city in California, United States)”).
References[edit]
- ^ “桑”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 桑 (MC sang).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | ᄲᅩᇰ나모 (Yale: spwòng-nàmwò) | 사ᇰ (Yale: sàng) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [상]
Hanja[edit]
桑 (eumhun 뽕나무 상 (ppongnamu sang))
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
- 궁간상 (弓幹桑, gunggansang)
- 농상 (農桑, nongsang)
- 부상 (扶桑, Busang)
- 산상 (山桑, sansang)
- 상과 (桑果, sanggwa)
- 상근 (桑根, sanggeun)
- 상년 (桑年, sangnyeon)
- 상목 (桑木, sangmok)
- 상문 (桑門, sangmun)
- 상부 (桑婦, sangbu)
- 상실 (桑實, sangsil)
- 상야 (桑野, sang'ya)
- 상엽 (桑葉, sang'yeop)
- 상전 (桑田, sangjeon)
- 상전벽해 (桑田碧海, sangjeonbyeokhae)
- 상중 (桑中, sangjung)
- 상천우 (桑天牛, sangcheonu)
- 상호 (桑戶, sangho)
- 상호 (桑弧, sangho)
- 상호 (桑扈, sangho)
- 잠상 (蠶桑, jamsang)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
桑: Hán Nôm readings: tang, dâu
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- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading くは
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading こ
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- ja:San Francisco
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