榴

榴 U+69B4, 榴 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-69B4 ← 榳 [U+69B3] CJK Unified Ideographs 榵 → [U+69B5]

Translingual

Han character

榴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 木竹竹田 (DHHW), four-corner 4796₂, composition ⿰木留)

Derived characters

• 籕, 𡂆

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 544, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15280
• Dae Jaweon: page 932, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1267, character 5
• Unihan data for U+69B4

Chinese

simp. and trad.		榴
2nd round simp.		𰗶
alternative forms		橊

Opened pomegranate

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	*mruːʔ, *m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	*m̥ʰruːs, *m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	*m·ru, *m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	*m·ru, *m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	*m·ru, *m·rus
瀏	*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
懰	*m·ru, *m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	*m·ruʔ, *m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru) : semantic 木 + phonetic 留 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus).

Etymology

The botanist Li Shizhen suggests that 榴 is the same as 瘤 (OC *m·ru, *m·rus, “lump, tumour”), as the pomegranate fruit resembles cancerous outgrowths on the body.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): liú (liu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): niu¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liù
• Eastern Min (BUC): liù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liu⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶lieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liú
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lióu
    • Wade–Giles: liu²
    • Yale: lyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou
    • Palladius: лю (lju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: niu¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niəu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: lau⁴
    • Yale: làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù
    • Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liu²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
    • Tâi-lô: liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
    • IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶lieu
    • MiniDict: lieu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liɤ²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljuw

Rime
Character	榴
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力求切
Baxter	ljuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/
Li Rong	/liu/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*m·ru/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	榴
Reading #	1/1
No.	8886
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	劉
Old Chinese	/*m·ru/

Definitions

榴

1. Short for 石榴 (shíliú, “pomegranate”).
2. a surname

Compounds

• 安石榴 (ānshíliú)
• 手榴彈／手榴弹 (shǒuliúdàn)
• 朱脣榴齒／朱唇榴齿
• 楠榴
• 榴彈／榴弹 (liúdàn)
• 榴彈炮／榴弹炮 (liúdànpào)
• 榴月 (Liúyuè)
• 榴槤／榴梿 (liúlián)
• 榴火
• 榴炮
• 榴花
• 榴蓮／榴莲 (liúlián)
• 榴連／榴连 (liúlián)
• 榴霰彈／榴霰弹
• 番石榴 (fānshíliú)
• 石榴 (shíliú)
• 石榴裙 (shíliúqún)
• 若榴 (ruòliú)
• 鎗榴彈／枪榴弹

 

Japanese

Kanji

榴

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. pomegranate

Readings

• Go-on: る (ru)
• Kan-on: りゅう (ryū)^{←りう (riu, historical)}
• Kun: ざくろ (zakuro, 榴)

Compounds

Compounds with 榴

• 崖石榴(いたびかずら) (itabikazura)
• 若榴(ざくろ) (zakuro)
• 柘榴(ざくろ) (zakuro); or 柘榴(じゃくろ) (jakuro)
• 石榴(ざくろ) (zakuro); or 石榴(せきりゅう) (sekiryū); or 石榴(じゃくろ) (jakuro)
• 石榴石(ざくろいし) (zakuroishi)
• 石榴口(ざくろぐち) (zakuroguchi)
• 石榴鼻(ざくろばな) (zakurobana)
• 手榴弾(しゅりゅうだん) (shuryūdan); or 手榴弾(てりゅうだん) (teryūdan)
• 海石榴(つばき) (tsubaki)
• 花柘榴(はなざくろ) (hanazakuro)
• 蕃石榴(ばんじろう) (banjirō)
• 榴輝岩(りゅうきがん) (ryūkigan)
• 榴散弾(りゅうさんだん) (ryūsandan)
• 榴霰弾(りゅうさんだん) (ryūsandan)
• 榴弾(りゅうだん) (ryūdan)
• 榴弾砲(りゅうだんほう) (ryūdanhō)

Korean

Hanja

榴 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

榴: Hán Nôm readings: lựu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.