殷

See also: 慇

殷 U+6BB7, 殷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BB7 ← 殶 [U+6BB6] CJK Unified Ideographs 殸 → [U+6BB8]

Translingual

Han character

殷 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸竹弓水 (HSHNE), four-corner 2724₇, composition ⿰㐆殳)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 585, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16627
• Dae Jaweon: page 977, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2156, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6BB7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		殷

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 殷
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (殷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
殷	*qrɯːn, *qɯn
慇	*qɯn
溵	*qɯn
磤	*qɯnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : a person with swollen abdomen (身, now written 㐆) + a hand grabbing an ornamental weapon or drum (now written 殳), sometimes also interpreted as a needle for acupuncture.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yīn (yin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yîn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yin¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̆ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): un / in

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hng¹ / heng¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹in

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yin
    • Wade–Giles: yin¹
    • Yale: yīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: in
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan¹
    • Yale: yān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: in´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /in²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)in´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /in⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un
    • Tâi-lô: un
    • Phofsit Daibuun: wn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in
    • Tâi-lô: in
    • Phofsit Daibuun: yn
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴/

Note: irn - Quanzhou.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hng¹ / heng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hng / hṳng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hŋ³³/, /hɯŋ³³/

Note:

• hng1 - Chaozhou;
• heng1 - Chaozhou, Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹in
    • MiniDict: in^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹in
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'j+n

Rime
Character	殷
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於斤切
Baxter	'j+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨn/
Li Rong	/ʔiən/
Wang Li	/ĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔə[r]/, /*ʔər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	殷	殷	殷
Reading #	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yīn	yīn	yīn
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjɨn ›	‹ ʔjɨn ›	‹ ʔjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔə[r]/	/*ʔə[r]/	/*ʔər/
English	殷殷 distressed	ample, many	(dynastic name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	殷
Reading #	2/2
No.	15232
Phonetic component	殷
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	殷
Old Chinese	/*qɯn/

Definitions

殷

1. (～朝) Late Shang Dynasty
2. (by extension) (～朝) Alternative name for 商 (shāng, “Shang Dynasty”).
3. abundant; rich

   殷實／殷实  ―  yīnshí  ―  well-off

4. (literary) large; flourishing

   • 莊周曰：「此何鳥哉？翼殷不逝，目大不覩。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     庄周曰：「此何鸟哉？翼殷不逝，目大不睹。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Zhuāngzhōu yuē: “Cǐ hé niǎo zāi? Yì yīn bù shì, mù dà bù dǔ.” [Pinyin]

     'What bird is this?' said he, 'with such great wings not to go on! and with such large eyes not to see me!'

5. (literary) many; numerous
6. (of emotions) deep
7. a surname

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

• 加二殷勤
• 家徒甚殷
• 桓殷危語
• 殷切 (yīnqiè)
• 殷勤 (yīnqín)
• 殷同
• 殷商 (Yīnshāng)
• 殷墟 (Yīnxū)
• 殷墟卜辭
• 殷墟書契
• 殷契
• 殷富 (yīnfù)
• 殷實 (yīnshí)
• 殷師牛鬥／殷师牛斗
• 殷店 (Yīndiàn)
• 殷憂 (yīnyōu)
• 殷憂啟聖／殷忧启圣
• 殷文存
• 殷有三仁
• 殷望
• 殷正
• 殷武
• 殷殷
• 殷殷勤勤
• 殷殷屯屯
• 殷殷田田
• 殷民阜利
• 殷民阜財
• 殷浩書空
• 殷渥
• 殷湯
• 殷畈 (Yīnfàn)
• 殷盛
• 殷盤
• 殷盼
• 殷薦
• 殷見
• 殷軫
• 殷轔
• 殷鋼
• 殷鑒 (yīnjiàn)
• 殷鑑 (yīnjiàn)
• 殷鑒不遠／殷鉴不远 (yīnjiànbùyuǎn)
• 殷鑑不遠／殷鉴不远 (yīnjiànbùyuǎn)
• 殷阜
• 殷頑
• 民殷國富
• 民殷財阜
• 獻殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yān (yan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin¹, aan¹
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹e

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yān
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yan
    • Wade–Giles: yen¹
    • Yale: yān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ian
    • Palladius: янь (janʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin¹, aan¹
    • Yale: yīn, āan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹, aan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin¹, an¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵/, /aːn⁵⁵/

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹e
    • MiniDict: e^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹e
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /e⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'ean

Rime
Character	殷
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	山 (73)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏閑切
Baxter	'ean
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔæn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨn/
Li Rong	/ʔɛn/
Wang Li	/æn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔăn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	aan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤrə[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	殷
Reading #	1/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yān
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔɛn ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔˁrə[r]/
English	dark-red
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	殷
Reading #	1/2
No.	15231
Phonetic component	殷
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	黰
Old Chinese	/*qrɯːn/

Definitions

殷

1. blood red; deep red

Compounds

• 殷然
• 殷紅 (yānhóng)

 

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǐn (yin³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jan²
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵in

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǐn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǐn
    • Wade–Giles: yin³
    • Yale: yǐn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiin
    • Palladius: инь (inʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /in²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jan²
    • Yale: yán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐn³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵in
    • MiniDict: in^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²in
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in³⁴/

Definitions

殷

1. sound of thunder
2. to shake; to tremble

Compounds

• 殷其靁
• 殷天動地
• 殷天震地

 

Japanese

Kanji

殷

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: おん (on); えん (en)
• Kan-on: いん (in); あん (an)
• Kun: さかん (sakan, 殷ん)
• Nanori: たか (taka); ただ (tada)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
殷
いん Hyōgaiji
kan’on

The senses “Shang dynasty” and “prosperous” are from Middle Chinese 殷 (MC 'j+n), corresponding to modern Mandarin yīn and Cantonese jan¹. The sense “rumbling” corresponds to modern Mandarin yǐn and Cantonese jan².

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ĩɴ]

Proper noun

殷(いん) • (In) 

1. (historical) Shang dynasty

Synonyms

• 商(しょう) (shō)

Affix

殷(いん) • (in) 

1. (historical) Shang dynasty
2. prosperous; flourishing
3. rumbling

Korean

Hanja

殷 (eum 은, 안 (eun, an))

1. Hanja form^? of 은, 안 (“great, many, magnificent, flourishing”).

Vietnamese

Han character

殷: Hán Nôm readings: ân

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.