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U+6DAF, 涯
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DAF

[U+6DAE]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6DB0]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
11 strokes

(Kangxi radical 85, +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水一土土 (EMGG), four-corner 31114, composition )

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 627, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17582
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1643, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6DAF

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

𪞢

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Etymology 1[edit]

From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (slope, nearly vertical side), whence also (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”), and (OC *C.ŋˤrar, “forehead”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).

Same word as (, “cliff”) and (, “rim (of the eye)”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ia³⁵/
Harbin /ia²⁴/
Tianjin /iɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /iɛ⁴²/
Qingdao /ia⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ia⁴²/
Xi'an /iai²⁴/
Xining /ia²⁴/
Yinchuan /ia⁵³/
Lanzhou /ia⁵³/
Ürümqi /ia⁵¹/
Wuhan /ia²¹³/
Chengdu /ia⁵³/
Guiyang /ia²¹/
Kunming /ia̠³¹/
Nanjing /iɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ia⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ia¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiɑ¹³/
Hohhot /ia³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ɦia²³/
Suzhou /ɦiɑ¹³/
Hangzhou /ɦie̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋa³¹/
Hui Shexian /ia³¹/
Tunxi /ŋɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ia¹³/
Xiangtan /iɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian /ŋai¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋɑi¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋai²¹/
Nanning /ŋai²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋai²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /gai³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋai⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋa³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /ŋãi⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zai³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (31) (31)
Final () (13) (31)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III II
Fanqie
Baxter ngje ngea
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠiᴇ/ /ŋˠɛ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋᵚiɛ/ /ŋᵚæ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiɛ/ /ŋæi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋjiə̆/ /ŋaɨj/
Li
Rong
/ŋje/ /ŋɛ/
Wang
Li
/ŋǐe/ /ŋai/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋie̯/ /ŋai/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ji4 ngaai4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngɛ ›
Old
Chinese
/*ŋˁrar/
English river bank; limit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4535 4546
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋreː/ /*ŋre/

Definitions[edit]

  1. (literary, or in compounds) bank; shore
  2. (literary, or in compounds) limit; boundary; margin
Synonyms[edit]
  • (limit):

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of – see 𠊎 (“I; me; my”).
(This character is a variant form of 𠊎).

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. shore, horizon

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

By extension from verb 果てる (hateru, to be at an end, to finish, to be done).

The hate reading for is rare, and is not listed in all dictionaries.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

(はて) (hate

  1. the end of the land: the shore
    Synonyms: 際涯, 限り
  2. the end of the visible world: the horizon

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese (MC ngje|ngea). Recorded as Middle Korean (ay) (Yale: ay) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 물가 (mulga ae))

  1. Hanja form? of (shore).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

: Hán Nôm readings: rượi, nhai, nhười, rười, nhầy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.