獅

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See also: 狮
獅 U+7345, 獅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7345
← 獄
[U+7344] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 獆 →
[U+7346]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

獅 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹竹口月 (KHHRB), four-corner 41227, composition ⿰犭師)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 717, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20609
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1363, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7345

Chinese[edit]

trad. 獅
simp. 狮
alternative forms 師／师 archaic

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (師) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
篩 *sreːl, *srel, *sri
師 *sri
鰤 *sri
蒒 *sri
獅 *sri
螄 *sri

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sri) : semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri).

Etymology[edit]

Originally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded.

Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː).

Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • su/sir - literary;
  • sai - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 獅
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Tianjin /sz̩²¹/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂʐ̩²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xi'an /sz̩²¹/
Xining /sz̩⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Ürümqi /sz̩⁴⁴/
Wuhan /sz̩⁵⁵/
Chengdu /sz̩⁵⁵/
Guiyang /sz̩⁵⁵/
Kunming /sz̩⁴⁴/
Nanjing /sz̩³¹/
Hefei /sz̩²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /sz̩¹¹/
Pingyao /sz̩¹³/
Hohhot /sz̩³¹/
Wu Shanghai /sz̩⁵³/
Suzhou /sz̩⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩³³/
Wenzhou /sz̩³³/
Hui Shexian /sz̩³¹/
Tunxi /sz̩¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /sz̩³³/
Xiangtan /sz̩³³/
Gan Nanchang /sz̩⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /sz̩⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /sï²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /si⁵³/
Nanning /sz̩⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /si⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /su⁵⁵/
/sai⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sai⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /su⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sai³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /si²³/
Rime
Character 獅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 脂 (17)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疏夷切
Baxter srij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂji/
Li
Rong 		/ʃji/
Wang
Li 		/ʃi/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʂi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 獅
Reading # 1/1
No. 11437
Phonetic
component 		師
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		師
Old
Chinese 		/*sri/
Notes 古作師

Definitions[edit]

獅

  1. lion

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 獅子 (“lion”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 獅子, 獅
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 獅子
Mandarin Beijing 獅子
Taiwan 獅子
Ulanhot 獅子
Tongliao 獅子
Chifeng 獅子
Bayanhot 獅子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 獅子
Harbin 獅子
Yantai (Muping) 獅子
Jinan 獅子
Wanrong 獅子
Zhengzhou 獅子
Xi'an 獅子
Yinchuan 獅子
Lanzhou 獅子
Xining 獅子
Ürümqi 獅子
Wuhan 獅子
Chengdu 獅子
Chongqing 獅子
Guiyang 獅子
Liuzhou 獅子
Xuzhou 獅子
Yangzhou 獅子
Nanjing 獅子
Hefei 獅子
Singapore 獅子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 獅子
Cantonese Guangzhou 獅子
Hong Kong 獅子
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 獅子
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 獅子
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 獅仔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 獅子
Macau 獅子
Guangzhou (Panyu) 獅子
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 獅子
Guangzhou (Conghua) 獅子
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 獅子
Foshan 獅子
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 獅子
Foshan (Shunde) 獅子
Foshan (Sanshui) 獅子
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 獅子
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 獅子
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 獅子
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 獅子
Zhuhai (Doumen) 獅子
Jiangmen (Baisha) 獅子
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 獅子
Taishan 獅子
Kaiping (Chikan) 獅子
Enping (Niujiang) 獅
Heshan (Yayao) 獅子
Dongguan 獅子
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 獅
Yangjiang 獅子
Danzhou 獅子
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 獅子
Singapore (Guangfu) 獅子
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 獅子
Gan Nanchang 獅子
Lichuan 獅仔
Hakka Meixian 獅仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 獅
Dongguan (Qingxi) 獅仔
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 獅仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 獅子
Wuhua (Huacheng) 獅哩
Conghua (Lütian) 獅子
Jiexi 獅
Luhe 獅
Yudu 獅子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 獅仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 獅仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 獅仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 獅
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 獅仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 獅
Hong Kong 獅子
Senai (Huiyang) 獅子
Huizhou Jixi 獅
Jin Taiyuan 獅子
Xinzhou 獅子
Taibus (Baochang) 獅子
Linhe 獅子
Jining 獅子
Hohhot 獅子
Baotou 獅子
Dongsheng 獅子
Haibowan 獅子
Northern Min Jian'ou 獅子
Eastern Min Fuzhou 獅
Southern Min Xiamen 獅, 獅仔
Quanzhou 獅
Zhangzhou 獅, 獅仔
Zhao'an 獅
Kaohsiung 獅
Yilan 獅
Changhua (Lukang) 獅
Taichung 獅
Taichung (Wuqi) 獅
Tainan 獅
Taitung 獅
Hsinchu 獅
Penghu (Magong) 獅
Penang (Hokkien) 獅
Singapore (Hokkien) 獅, 獅仔
Manila (Hokkien) 獅, 獅仔
Chaozhou 獅
Shantou 獅
Jieyang 獅
Bangkok (Teochew) 獅
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 獅
Singapore (Teochew) 獅
Wenchang 獅
Haikou 獅
Puxian Min Putian 獅
Xianyou 獅
Central Min Yong'an 獅子
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 獅子
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 獅子
Wu Shanghai 獅子
Shanghai (Chongming) 獅子
Suzhou 獅子
Danyang 獅子
Hangzhou 獅子
Ningbo 獅子
Wenzhou 獅子
Jinhua 獅子
Xiang Changsha 獅子
Shuangfeng 獅子

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (獅):
  • → Japanese: 獅(し) (shi)
  • → Korean: 사(獅) (sa)
  • → Vietnamese: sư (獅)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

獅

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. a lion

Readings[edit]

  • Go-on: し (shi)
  • Kan-on: し (shi)

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 獅 (MC srij).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

獅(し) • (shi) 

  1. lion

Usage notes[edit]

Very rarely used on its own. The shishi reading is almost always spelled as 獅子.

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 獅 (MC srij). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

獅 (eumhun 사자 사 (saja sa))

  1. Hanja form? of 사 (“lion”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

獅: Hán Việt readings: sư[1][2][3]
獅: Nôm readings: sư[4][5][6]

  1. chữ Hán form of sư (“lion”).

References[edit]

  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (2014).
  5. ^ Trần (2004).
  6. ^ Vũ (1998).
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