獻

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See also: 献
獻 U+737B, 獻
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-737B
← 獺
[U+737A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 獼 →
[U+737C]

Translingual[edit]

Japanese 献
Simplified 献
Traditional 獻

Han character[edit]

獻 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+16, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜月戈大 (YBIK), four-corner 23234, composition ⿰鬳犬)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 721, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20783
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1133, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1376, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+737B

Chinese[edit]

trad. 獻
simp. 献
alternative forms 𤡎

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 獻
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (鬳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
獻 *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad
甗 *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans
巘 *ŋranʔ, *ŋanʔ
讞 *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, *ŋrad
鬳 *ŋans
瓛 *ɦŋʷaːn
囐 *sɡaːd
齾 *ŋaːd, *ŋraːd
钀 *ŋrad, *ŋad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaːl, *hŋans, *ŋrad) : phonetic 鬳 (OC *ŋans) + semantic 犬 (“dog”).

Etymology[edit]

Same word as 憲 (OC *hŋans) (Schuessler, 2007), its basic meaning being seemingly "elevate > to be elavated".

Inside the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family, it's related to 甗 (OC *ŋan, *ŋranʔ, *ŋrans, “a cooking vessel consisting of a steamer 'elevated' on a three-legged boiler”). Furthermore, it's possibly cognate to Tibetan སྔར་མ (sngar ma, “sharp-witted, quick-witted, intelligent”) (ibid., Gong, 2000).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • hiang3 - Shantou;
  • hiêng3 - Chaozhou.
    Rime
    Character 獻
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
    Final (韻) 元 (65)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 許建切
    Baxter xjonH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/xɨ̯ɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hin3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 獻
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ xjonH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋ̊ar-s/
    English offer, present

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 獻 獻
    Reading # 2/3 3/3
    No. 14459 14467
    Phonetic
    component         		鬳 鬳
    Rime
    group         		元 月
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		獻 孼
    Old
    Chinese         		/*hŋans/ /*ŋrad/

    Definitions[edit]

    獻

    1. to offer; to present; to donate
    2. to show; to display
    3. (archaic) virtuous person
    4. a surname
    5. (neologism, slang) to commit a mass murder
      Synonym: 獻忠／献忠 (xiànzhōng)

    Compounds[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (獻):
    • → Vietnamese: hiến (獻)

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 獻
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 歌 (94)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 素何切
    Baxter sa
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/sɑ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/sɑ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/sɑ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/sa/
    Li
    Rong         		/sɑ/
    Wang
    Li         		/sɑ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/sɑ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		suō
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		so1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 獻
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xiàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sa ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*s-ŋˁar/
    English to filter wine

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 獻
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 14451
    Phonetic
    component         		鬳
    Rime
    group         		歌
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		娑
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sŋaːl/

    Definitions[edit]

    獻

    1. (historical) a method of filtering wine
    2. (historical) sacrificial wine vessel

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		献

    Kyūjitai

    		獻

    Kanji[edit]

    獻

    (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 献)

    1. to revere, to contribute, to present

    Readings[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    獻 • (heon, sa) (hangeul 헌, 사, revised heon, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŏn, sa, Yale hen, sa)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    獻: Hán Việt readings: hiến, ta
    獻: Nôm readings: hiến

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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