異

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 异, 畀, and 暴
異 U+7570, 異
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7570
← 畯
[U+756F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畱 →
[U+7571]
異 U+F962, 異
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F962
← 率
[U+F961] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 北 →
[U+F963]

異 U+2F938, 異
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F938
← 𤲒
[U+2F937] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𢆟 →
[U+2F939]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

異 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田廿金 (WTC), four-corner 60801, composition ⿱田共)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №65

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 763, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21866
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1173, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2540, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+7570

Chinese[edit]

trad. 異
simp. 异*
alternative forms 𠔱
𢄖

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 異
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (異) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
禩 *ljɯʔ
異 *lɯɡs
潩 *lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
廙 *lɯɡs, *lɯɡ
趩 *l̥ʰɯɡ
瀷 *l̥ʰjɯɡ, *lɯɡ
翼 *lɯɡ
熼 *lɯɡ

Ideogram (指事) – a man with a mask (田) over his face. Possible interpretations:

  • Strange, bizarre — "uncommon".
  • Different face — "different".

Compare 鬼 (“demon”), where the 田 also derives from a face.

Alternatively, may be a pictogram (象形) of a person carrying something on his head, the original form of 戴 (“to carry on the head”).

Modern form is graphically 田 + 共, though this is not the etymology.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 異
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊吏切
Baxter yiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jɨH/
Li
Rong 		/iəH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭəH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 異
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yiH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢ(r)ək-s/
English different

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 異
Reading # 1/1
No. 15102
Phonetic
component 		異
Rime
group 		代
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		異
Old
Chinese 		/*lɯɡs/
Notes 金文異象雙手護住頭所頂物爲戴翼初文

Definitions[edit]

異

  1. different; other
  2. uncommon; unusual; special; strange; surprising
  3. to distinguish; to separate
  4. (chemistry) iso- (forms terms relating to isomers)
  5. (Hakka) quite; very
    異好／异好 [Meixian Hakka]  ―  yi4 hau3 [Hakka Transliteration Scheme]  ―  very good

Synonyms[edit]

  • (different): 殊 (shū), 差 (chā)
  • (unusual): 奇 (qí), 怪 (guài)
  • (very):
Dialectal synonyms of 很 (“very”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 甚, 孔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 很, 非常, 十分
Mandarin Beijing 挺, 很, 倍兒, 怪
Taiwan 很, 好, 非常, 超, 蠻, 超級
Tianjin 挺, 很, 傻, 老, 倍兒, 齁兒
Jinan 挺, 楞
Xi'an 很
Wuhan 蠻, 很
Chengdu 很, 好
Chongqing 很
Yangzhou 蠻, 稀, 很
Hefei 很
Malaysia 很
Singapore 很, 蠻, 非常
Cantonese Guangzhou 好, 非常之
Hong Kong 好, 非常, 非常之, 超, 勁, 十分之
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 好
Taishan 好, 十分之
Yangjiang 好
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 好
Singapore (Guangfu) 好, 非常之, 非常
Gan Nanchang 蠻
Hakka Meixian 好, 刮, 已, 還, 異, 還 exclamation
Huidong (Daling) 好
Wuhua (Meilin) 好
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 頂
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 好
Changting 野
Wuping (Pingyu) 已, 刮
Liancheng 樣
Ninghua 好
Ruijin 蠻
Shicheng 蠻
Shangyou (Shexi) 蠻
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 當, 已, 還
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蓋, 盡, 還
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 當, 盡, 已, 還
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 當, 已, 還
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 當, 已, 還
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 足, 真, 實在
Hong Kong 好
Sabah (Bao'an) 好
Kuching (Hepo) 很
Singapore (Dabu) 好
Jin Taiyuan 很, 挺
Northern Min Jian'ou 盡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 野, 真
Singapore (Fuqing) 真
Sitiawan (Gutian) 真
Southern Min Xiamen 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人, 非常, 真正
Xiamen (Tong'an) 真
Quanzhou 真, 野, 誠, 有夠, 萬代, 死人
Jinjiang 野
Zhangzhou 盡, 蓋, 足, 足範, 有夠, 出奇, 極死, 見死, 死了了, 死人
Zhao'an 很, 真, 死絕, 好, 非常
Dongshan 真, 非常
Taipei 真, 誠
New Taipei (Sanxia) 真, 誠
Kaohsiung 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Yilan 有夠, 足, 誠, 盡
Changhua (Lukang) 真, 誠
Taichung 誠, 蓋, 足
Tainan 有夠, 足, 真, 誠, 蓋
Hsinchu 真, 誠
Kinmen 足, 誠
Penghu (Magong) 真, 誠
Penang (Hokkien) 真, 誠, 真正
Singapore (Hokkien) 真, 死爸, 真正, 誠, 足, 有夠
Manila (Hokkien) 野, 真, 萬代, 真誠, 誠, 有夠
Chaozhou 過, 好, 非常, 死爸
Shantou 過, 鐵, 好, 很, 死爸, 死絕
Shantou (Chenghai) 好, 死絕
Shantou (Chaoyang) 好, 非常
Jieyang 過, 好, 死爸, 死絕
Bangkok (Teochew) 好
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 好
Singapore (Teochew) 真, 死爸, 非常
Wenchang 極, 但顧, 真
Haikou 但顧
Qionghai 但顧, 真
Singapore (Hainanese) 但顧, 真
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 好, 蠻
Wu Shanghai 蠻, 老, 邪氣, 老老, 瞎, 絕, 十分, 十二萬分, 非常, 非常之, 畢, 畢畢, 來得, 來得個, 煞, 交關, 十二分 rare, 窮 dated, 野 dated, 邪 dated
Suzhou 蠻, 窮
Hangzhou 蠻, 交關, 木佬佬, 冒
Ningbo 交關, 蠻, 堪, 𣍐好, 𣍐派, 甮派, 出格, 木牢牢 rare, 猛 rare
Zhoushan 交關, 蠻, 猛, 堪, 出格, 木牢牢 rare
Wenzhou 蠻, 蒙, 顯
Xiang Changsha 很, 蠻
Shuangfeng 蠻

Antonyms[edit]

  • 同 (tóng, “same”)

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 異
Kyūjitai
[1]
異󠄂
異+&#xE0102;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

異

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. different, other, hetero-
  2. uncommon, special
  3. curious, odd

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
異
い
Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 異 (MC yiH). Compare modern Mandarin 異／异 (yì, /i⁵¹/), Cantonese 異／异 (ji6, /jiː²²/).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

異(い) • (i) 

  1. (literary) difference
  2. (Buddhism) change or disease, one of the four states or avasthā

Adjective[edit]

異(い) • (i) -na (adnominal 異(い)な (i na), adverbial 異(い)に (i ni))

  1. (literary) strange; unusual
Inflection[edit]
Inflection of 異
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 異だろ いだろ i daro
Continuative (連用形) 異で いで i de
Terminal (終止形) 異だ いだ i da
Attributive (連体形) 異な いな i na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 異なら いなら i nara
Imperative (命令形) 異であれ いであれ i de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 異ではない
異じゃない 		いではない
いじゃない 		i de wa nai
i ja nai
Informal past 異だった いだった i datta
Informal negative past 異ではなかった
異じゃなかった 		いではなかった
いじゃなかった 		i de wa nakatta
i ja nakatta
Formal 異です いです i desu
Formal negative 異ではありません
異じゃありません 		いではありません
いじゃありません 		i de wa arimasen
i ja arimasen
Formal past 異でした いでした i deshita
Formal negative past 異ではありませんでした
異じゃありませんでした 		いではありませんでした
いじゃありませんでした 		i de wa arimasen deshita
i ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 異で いで i de
Conditional 異なら（ば） いなら（ば） i nara (ba)
Provisional 異だったら いだったら i dattara
Volitional 異だろう いだろう i darō
Adverbial 異に いに i ni
Degree 異さ いさ isa

Affix[edit]

異(い) • (i) 

  1. different
  2. strange; unusual; extraordinary; excellent
  3. aberrant
  4. other; another
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
異
こと
Grade: 6
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
殊

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

異(こと) • (koto) 

  1. difference; (prefixed to nouns) different; other

References[edit]

  1. ^ “異”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

異 (eumhun 다를 이 (dareul i))

  1. Hanja form? of 이 (“different; unusual”).
Compounds[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2[edit]

Hanja[edit]

異 (eum 리 (ri))

  1. Only used in certain placenames.
Usage notes[edit]

The reading 리 (ri) in certain placenames such as 지리산 (智異山, Jirisan) is caused by 활음조 현상 (滑音調 現像, hwareumjo hyeonsang, “euphony”) which altered the original sound from 이 (i) to 리 (ri).[1] This concept (ease of pronunciation) is closely related to the initial sound law 두음 법칙 (頭音法則, dueum beopchik) in South Korea.

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 7 April 2019, 한글 맞춤법 6장 1절 52항: 동일한 한자어가 어떤 경우에는 본음으로 나고 어떤 경우에는 속음으로 날 때, 속음으로 나는 것은 속음으로 적는다. ‘異’의 본음은 ‘이’이나 ‘智異山’에서 속음인 '리'로 소리가 나므로 ‘지리산’으로 적는다. [2]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

異: Hán Việt readings: dị (以(dĩ)智(trí)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], di[4]
異: Nôm readings: dị[1][2][3][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of dị (“dissimilar; bizarre; unusual”).

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bonet (1899).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=異&oldid=78653099"