窗

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See also: 窓, 窻, 䆫, 囱, and 囪
窗 U+7A97, 窗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A97
← 窖
[U+7A96] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 窘 →
[U+7A98]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character[edit]

窗 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹田水 (JCHWE) or 十金竹田大 (JCHWK), four-corner 30608, composition ⿱穴囱(GJKV) or ⿱穴囪(HT))

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 865, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25517
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1294, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2731, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7A97

Chinese[edit]

trad. 窗
simp. # 窗
alternative forms
 
窻／窗
䆫
窓／窗
牕
囪
窻／窗
䆫
窓／窗
牕
囪
囱
牎
𤗄
𪺠
𤗉
𮈾
𡆧

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (囱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
牎 *sʰroːŋ
窗 *sʰroːŋ
窓 *sʰroːŋ
囱 *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ
總 *ʔsloːŋʔ
熜 *ʔsloːŋʔ
傯 *ʔsloːŋʔ
緫 *ʔsloːŋʔ
揔 *ʔsloːŋʔ
偬 *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs
囪 *sʰloːŋ
璁 *sʰloːŋ
驄 *sʰloːŋ
蔥 *sʰloːŋ
匆 *sʰloːŋ
怱 *sʰloːŋ
葱 *sʰloːŋ
楤 *sʰloːŋ
聦 *sʰloːŋ
繱 *sʰloːŋ
騘 *sʰloːŋ
鍯 *sʰloːŋ
聰 *sʰloːŋ
愡 *sʰloːŋs
檧 *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ
憽 *sloːŋ
幒 *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“hole”) + 囱 (“window”).

Etymology[edit]

From circumstantial noun prefix *s- + 通 (OC l̥ˤoŋ, “to penetrate”), literally "where light penetrates" (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: tong1* - as a standalone noun.
Note:
  • té̤ng - vernacular;
  • chó̤ng - literary.
Note:
  • thang - vernacular;
  • chhong - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 窗
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰuɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰuaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰuaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /p͡fʰaŋ²¹/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂʰuɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /p͡fʰɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sʰaŋ⁵⁵/
/t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰuã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰuɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /suə¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰuɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰyɔ³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰo³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sʰau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰyan³³/
Xiangtan /ʈ͡ʂʰɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰuŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰœŋ⁵⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
/tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰouŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰœyŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰeŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /hiaŋ²³/
Rime
Character 窗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 初 (19)
Final (韻) 江 (9)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 楚江切
Baxter tsrhaewng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃʰˠʌŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚɔŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃʰɔŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃʰɔŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃʰɔŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂʰɔŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chuāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cong1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 窗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		chuāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrhæwng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-l̥ˁ<r>oŋ/
English window

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 窗
Reading # 1/1
No. 1807
Phonetic
component 		囱
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		囪
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰroːŋ/
Notes 原下作怱，注説文作窗

Definitions[edit]

窗

  1. window (Classifier: 扇 m; 個／个 c; 隻／只 c)
    窗簾／窗帘  ―  chuānglián  ―  window blinds
    打開個窗／打开个窗 [Cantonese]  ―  daa2 hoi1 go3 coeng1 [Jyutping]  ―  to open the window

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 窗戶 (“window”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 牖, 窗, 軒, 櫳
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 窗戶, 窗口, 窗子
Mandarin Beijing 窗戶, 窗兒, 窗子
Taiwan 窗戶
Tianjin 窗戶
Langfang 窗戶
Tangshan 窗戶
Cangzhou 窗戶
Baoding 窗戶
Shijiazhuang 窗戶
Daming 窗戶
Ulanhot 窗戶
Tongliao 窗戶
Chifeng 窗戶
Bayanhot 窗子
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 窗戶
Harbin 窗戶
Shenyang 窗戶
Yantai (Muping) 窗
Qingdao 窗
Jinan 窗戶, 窗子
Luoyang 窗戶
Wanrong 窗
Zhengzhou 窗戶, 窗
Xi'an 窗子
Yinchuan 窗子, 窗戶
Lanzhou 窗子
Xining 窗子, 窗窗
Ürümqi 窗子, 窗戶
Wuhan 窗戶, 窗子
Huanggang 窗子
Chengdu 窗子, 窗戶
Guiyang 窗子, 窗戶
Kunming 窗戶
Guilin 窗子, 窗戶
Liuzhou 窗子, 窗戶
Nanning (Wuming) 窗子, 窗口, 窗戶
Shanglin (Sanli) 亮窗
Yizhou 窗子, 窗戶, 窗口
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 窗戶
Xuzhou 窗戶, 窗子
Yangzhou 窗子, 窗戶
Xinghua 窗蒙
Nanjing 窗戶, 窗子
Hefei 窗子
Nantong 窗子
Malaysia 窗
Singapore 窗
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 窗子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 窗子
Kokang 窗子
Mae Salong (Lancang) 窗子
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 窗子
Cantonese Guangzhou 窗, 窗門, 窗口
Hong Kong 窗, 窗門, 窗口
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 窗門
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 窗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 窗門
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 窗門
Macau 窗
Guangzhou (Panyu) 窗, 窗門
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 窗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 窗
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 窗
Foshan 窗
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 窗
Foshan (Shunde) 窗
Foshan (Sanshui) 窗口
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 窗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 窗口
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 窗
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 窗門
Zhuhai (Doumen) 窗眼
Jiangmen (Baisha) 窗門
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 窗門
Taishan 窗口, 窗門, 窗眼, 窗
Kaiping (Chikan) 窗口, 窗門
Enping (Niujiang) 窗眼
Heshan (Yayao) 窗
Dongguan 窗
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 窗門
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 窗
Qingyuan 窗門
Fogang 窗眼
Yingde (Hanguang) 窗子
Yangshan 窗口
Lianshan (Butian) 光窗門
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 光窗
Shaoguan 窗門, 窗口
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 窗
Renhua 門窗, 光窗
Lechang 光窗
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 窗
Sihui 窗門
Guangning 窗門
Deqing 窗櫺
Huaiji 窗口
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 窗門
Yunfu 窗
Xinxing 窗門
Luoding 窗門
Yunan (Pingtai) 窗眼
Yangjiang 窗, 窗子
Xinyi 光窗, 窗門, 窗口
Lianjiang 窗
Nanning 窗口, 窗眼, 窗戶, 窗
Wuzhou 窗
Yulin 窗
Hepu (Lianzhou) 窗
Danzhou 窗肆
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 窗口
Singapore (Guangfu) 窗口
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 窗口
Gan Nanchang 窗子, 格子
Poyang 檻子
Yugan 窗子
Wannian 窗子
Yiyang, Jiangxi 淺門
Hengfeng 淺門
Yanshan 淺門
Lichuan 㦿仔, 㦿門
Pingxiang 窗子, 㦿㦿, 㦿子
Guixi 㦿門
Hakka Meixian 窗仔
Xingning 窗哩
Dabu (Gaobei) 窗
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 窗門
Fengshun (Fengliang) 窗
Fengshun (Pantian) 窗門
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 窗門
Huiyang 窗門
Dongguan (Qingxi) 窗門
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 窗門
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 窗
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 窗眼, 窗門, 窗
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 窗眼
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 窗籟, 窗門, 窗哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 窗哩, 窗光
Wuhua (Changbu) 光窗
Wuhua (Mianyang) 窗籟
Heyuan (Bendihua) 窗
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 光窗
Liannan 光窗
Conghua (Lütian) 窗門
Jiexi 窗孔
Luhe 窗門
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 窗
Changting 窗子
Wuping (Yanqian) 窗子
Ninghua 窗門
Yudu 窗子
Ningdu 窗子
Shicheng 窗
Shangyou (Shexi) 斗門
Tonggu (Sandu) 光窗
Ganzhou (Panlong) 斗門
Dayu 窗
Taoyuan 窗門
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 窗門
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 窗門
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 窗門
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 窗門
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 窗門
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 窗門
Hong Kong 窗門
Yangxi (Tangkou) 光窗
Yangchun (Sanjia) 窗
Xinyi (Sihe) 光窗
Xinyi (Qianpai) 光窗
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 窗子
Huazhou (Xin'an) 窗欞
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 窗
Mengshan (Xihe) 窗眼
Luchuan 光窗
Luchuan (Daqiao) 光窗
Sabah (Bao'an) 窗子
Sabah (Longchuan) 窗門
Senai (Huiyang) 窗門
Senai (Hepo) 窗門
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 柱門
Singkawang 窗門
Huizhou Jixi 檻闥
Shexian 檻窗, 檻闥
Tunxi 檻兒窗
Xiuning 檻兒窗
Yixian 檻
Qimen 檻, 檻吶, 檻窗, 檻窗吶
Wuyuan 檻, 窗, 檻窗, 窗子
Fuliang 檻窗
Dexing 窗子
Jin Taiyuan 窗戶, 窗子
Pingyao 窗子
Xinzhou 窗子
Taibus (Baochang) 窗戶
Linhe 窗子
Jining 窗戶
Hohhot 窗子
Baotou 窗戶
Dongsheng 窗子
Haibowan 窗子
Zhangjiakou 窗戶
Handan 窗戶
Northern Min Jian'ou 窗門仔
Jian'ou (Dikou) 推門仔
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 天門
Pucheng (Shibei) 窗㦿
Eastern Min Fuzhou 檻門, 檻門窗, 檻門囝, 檻門臼
Changle 檻門囝
Fuqing 窗門, 窗門囝, 檻門囝
Gutian 門檻
Fu'an 窗門
Ningde 窗門
Shouning 窗門
Zhouning 窗退門
Fuding 窗門
Matsu 檻門囝
Southern Min Xiamen 窗仔, 窗仔門
Quanzhou 窗仔, 窗仔門
Jinjiang 窗仔門
Yongchun 窗囝
Zhangzhou 窗仔, 窗仔門
Taipei 窗仔門, 窗仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 窗仔門
Kaohsiung 窗仔
Yilan 窗, 窗仔門
Changhua (Lukang) 窗仔
Taichung 窗仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 窗仔
Tainan 窗, 窗仔, 窗仔門
Taitung 窗仔
Hsinchu 窗仔
Kinmen 窗
Penghu (Magong) 窗
Penang (Hokkien) 窗仔
Singapore (Hokkien) 窗仔, 窗仔門, 窗
Manila (Hokkien) 窗仔
Zhangping (Yongfu) 窗仔只, 窗只仔
Datian 窗門仔, 窗門
Pingnan (Shangdu) 窗戶
Chaozhou 窗
Shantou 窗, 窗門
Shantou (Chenghai) 窗
Jieyang 窗
Lufeng 窗
Haifeng 窗
Bangkok (Teochew) 窗
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 窗
Singapore (Teochew) 窗
Leizhou 窗
Wenchang 窗
Haikou 窗
Puxian Min Putian 窗
Putian (Donghai) 窗
Putian (Jiangkou) 窗
Putian (Nanri) 窗
Xianyou 窗
Xianyou (Fengting) 窗
Xianyou (Youyang) 窗
Central Min Yong'an 窗門, 窗仔
Sanyuan 推門
Shaxian 窗門
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 窗
Sanxiang 窗門
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 窗, 門窗
Nanning (Xinxu) 窗門
Shehua Fu'an 窗門
Fuding 窗門
Sanming 推門
Shunchang 窗仔門
Hua'an 窗仔門
Guixi (Zhangping) 窗門
Cangnan 窗子
Jingning 窗門
Lishui 窗門
Longyou 窗門
Chaozhou 窗
Fengshun 門窗
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 亮門子
Wu Shanghai 窗, 窗門, 窗子
Shanghai (Chongming) 窗
Suzhou 窗
Wuxi 窗, 窗架, 窗子
Danyang 窗門, 窗眼, 窗篷
Hangzhou 窗, 窗門, 窗子
Shaoxing 窗門
Ningbo 窗門, 窗檻, 檻窗, 窗頭
Zhoushan 窗門, 窗頭
Wenzhou 窗, 窗門
Jinhua 檻頭, 檻頭門, 窗門
Jinhua (Tangxi) 款
Shangrao 窗盤
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 窗盤
Yushan 窗門
Xiang Changsha 亮窗, 窗戶
Xiangtan 窗子
Xiangxiang 窗子
Loudi 窗子眼
Shuangfeng 窗子
Quanzhou 窗戶

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (窗):
  • → Korean: 창(窓) (chang)
  • → Vietnamese: song (窗)

Others:

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

窗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Kanji in this term
窗
まど
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Definitions[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 窗 – see the following entry.
【窓まど】6
[noun] [from 759] window
[noun] [from 1931] (regional, dialect, Etchū region) a deep gap in a mountain ridge (so called for the way the wind blows through, like a window)
[proper noun] (Internet slang, dated) Windows (an operating system)
Alternative spellings
牕, 牖
(This term, 窗, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

窗 • (chang) (hangeul 창)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

窗: Hán Nôm readings: song

  1. (archaic, literary) window
  2. Short for chấn song (“upright post in a paling or railing”).
    sau song sắt
    behind (iron) bars
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