茂

See also: 葴

茂 U+8302, 茂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8302 ← 茁 [U+8301] CJK Unified Ideographs 范 → [U+8303]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

茂 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿戈竹 (TIH), four-corner 4425₃, composition ⿱艹戊)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1025, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30833
• Dae Jaweon: page 1485, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3188, character 2
• Unihan data for U+8302

Chinese

trad.		茂
simp. #		茂
alternative forms		楙 “lush”

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (戊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
茂	*mus
戊	*mus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mus) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 戊 (OC *mus).

Applying this character to mean “cyclopentadiene” in organic chemistry results from the decomposition of the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 艸 (“radical for aromatic compounds”) + 戊 (“five-carbon ring”), since the conjugate base of cyclopentadiene (cyclopentadienyl anion) is aromatic.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mào, mòu (mao⁴, mou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ, ㄇㄡˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong⁴ / mao⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mau⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): meu⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): meu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): miau⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): mau³
• Northern Min (KCR): mē
• Eastern Min (BUC): mâiu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bō͘ / biō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mou⁶ / mong⁶

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶meu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mou⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mào
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mào
    • Wade–Giles: mao⁴
    • Yale: màu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
    • Palladius: мао (mao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mòu
    • Wade–Giles: mou⁴
    • Yale: mòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mow
    • Palladius: моу (mou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: mong⁴ / mao⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung / mao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ²¹³/, /mau²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mau⁶
    • Yale: mauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: meo⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: meu⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛu¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu
    • Hakka Romanization System: meu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: meu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: miau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /miau⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: mau³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /mau⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mē
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /me⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mâiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑu²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
    • Tâi-lô: bōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biō
    • Tâi-lô: biō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bioi
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /bio⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mou⁶ / mong⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mŏu / mŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou³⁵/, /moŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶meu
    • MiniDict: meu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³meu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: mou⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /məu̯⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 茂
Mandarin	Beijing	/mɑu⁵¹/
	Harbin	/mau⁵³/
	Tianjin	/mɑu⁵³/
	Jinan	/mɔ²¹/
	Qingdao	/mɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/mau³¹²/
	Xi'an	/mau⁴⁴/
	Xining	/mɔ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/mɔ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mɔ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/mɔ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/mau³⁵/
	Chengdu	/moŋ¹³/ /mau¹³/
	Guiyang	/moŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/mo²¹²/
	Nanjing	/məi⁴⁴/ /mo⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/mɔ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/mau⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/mu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/mɔ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/mɤ²³/ /mɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/mɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/mei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/mɜ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/mɔ²²/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/məu⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/maɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɛu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/miau⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/meu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐu²²/
	Nanning	/mɐu²²/
	Hong Kong	/mɐu²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/bɔ²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/mɑu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/me⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/mõu³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/mɔu³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: muwH

Rime
Character	茂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫候切
Baxter	muwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məuH/
Pan Wuyun	/məuH/
Shao Rongfen	/məuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwH/
Li Rong	/muH/
Wang Li	/məuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mus/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茂
Reading #	1/1
No.	13225
Phonetic component	戊
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	茂
Old Chinese	/*mus/

Definitions

茂

1. ^⁜ lush; luxuriant; dense; thick

   茂盛  ―  màoshèng  ―  luxuriant

2. ^⁜ excellent; splendid; talented
3. (organic chemistry) cyclopentadiene

   二茂鐵／二茂铁  ―  èrmàotiě  ―  ferrocene

4. Alternative form of 懋 (“to encourage”)
5. a surname

Synonyms

• (lush):

• 幽鬱／幽郁 (yōuyù) (archaic)
• 繁茂 (fánmào)
• 肥美 (féiměi)
• 芊綿／芊绵 (qiānmián) (literary, of vegetation)
• 茂盛 (màoshèng)
• 萋萋 (qīqī) (literary)
• 菶菶 (běngběng) (literary)
• 葳蕤 (wēiruí) (literary)
• 豐茂／丰茂 (fēngmào)
• 趒 (Hokkien)
• 軫軫／轸轸 (zhěnzhěn) (literary)

 

Compounds

• 俊茂
• 圖文並茂／图文并茂 (túwénbìngmào)
• 姻族廣茂／姻族广茂
• 孳茂
• 弟茂德 (Dìmàodé)
• 德茂 (Démào)
• 情文並茂／情文并茂
• 文情並茂／文情并茂
• 暢茂／畅茂
• 朴茂
• 松柏之茂
• 枝繁葉茂／枝繁叶茂 (zhīfányèmào)
• 根壯葉茂／根壮叶茂
• 根深葉茂／根深叶茂
• 桐生茂豫
• 椿萱並茂／椿萱并茂
• 殊勛茂績／殊勋茂绩
• 源茂 (Yuánmào)
• 熾茂／炽茂
• 竹苞松茂 (zhúbāosōngmào)
• 繁茂 (fánmào)
• 聲情並茂／声情并茂 (shēngqíngbìngmào)
• 茂典
• 茂勛／茂勋
• 茂名 (Màomíng)
• 茂密 (màomì)
• 茂實英聲／茂实英声
• 茂年 (màonián)
• 茂德
• 茂才 (màocái)
• 茂才異等／茂才异等
• 茂松
• 茂林 (màolín)
• 茂林修竹 (màolínxiūzhú)
• 茂林深竹
• 茂樹／茂树 (màoshù)
• 茂發／茂发
• 茂盛 (màoshèng)
• 茂績／茂绩
• 英聲茂實／英声茂实
• 茂興／茂兴
• 茂草
• 茂行 (màoxíng)
• 茂親／茂亲
• 茂陵
• 蜚英騰茂／蜚英腾茂
• 豐茂／丰茂 (fēngmào)
• 風華正茂／风华正茂 (fēnghuázhèngmào)

 

Japanese

Kanji

茂

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. overgrown; luxuriant, thickly growing, lush

Readings

• Go-on: も (mo, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
• Kun: しげい (shigei, 茂い); しげし (shigeshi, 茂し); しげる (shigeru, 茂る, Jōyō); しげみ (shigemi, 茂み); しげむ (shigemu, 茂む); しみさぶ (shimisabu, 茂さぶ); しみに (shimini, 茂に); しみら (shimira, 茂ら); もし (moshi, 茂し)
• Nanori: あり (ari); いかし (ikashi); し (shi); しげ (shige); しげい (shigei); しげみ (shigemi); たか (taka); とお (tō); とも (tomo); とよ (toyo); もち (mochi); もと (moto); ゆた (yuta)

Compounds

Compounds

• 茂(しげ)り合(あ)う (shigeriau): to grow thickly together; to be copious in amount
• 茂枝(しげりえ) (shigerie): a thickly grown branch, thickly growing branches
• 茂(しげ)り立(た)つ (shigeritatsu): to grow thick and lush (as vegetation)
• 茂葉(しげりば) (shigeriba): lushly growing leaves
• 茂立(しみた)つ (shimitatsu): to grow thick and lush (as vegetation)
• 茂原(もばら) (Mobara): a place in central Chiba Prefecture
• 茂才(もさい) (mosai): a genius, a whiz, a brilliant person
• 茂山(もさん) (Mosan), 茂山(むさん) (Musan): Musan, North Korea
• 茂林寺(もりんじ) (Morinji): a temple in Gunma Prefecture
• 茂生(もせい) (mosei): thick and lush growth

Proper noun

茂(しげる) • (Shigeru) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

茂 (eumhun 무성할 무 (museonghal mu))

1. Hanja form^? of 무 (“thick, lush, dense”).
2. Hanja form^? of 무 (“talented”).

Vietnamese

Han character

茂: Hán Nôm readings: mậu, ngồng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.