荊楚

See also: 荆楚

Chinese

		Jing	Chu
trad. (荊楚/荆楚)		荊/荆	楚
simp. (荆楚)		荆	楚

Etymology

A combination of the local name Chu (楚) with its Qin name Jing (荊／荆), derived from the ancient district of that name (荊州／荆州) which was used by Qin after the mid-3rd century BCE owing to a naming taboo related to its king Ying Zichu (嬴子楚), father of the First Emperor.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jīngchǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ co²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jīngchǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ ㄔㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jingchǔ
    • Wade–Giles: Ching¹-chʻu³
    • Yale: Jīng-chǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jingchuu
    • Palladius: Цзинчу (Czinču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging¹ co²
    • Yale: gīng chó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ tso²
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ co²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kjaeng tsrhjoX

Rime
Character	荊	楚
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	舉卿切	創舉切
Baxter	kjaeng	tsrhjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/	/t͡ʃʰɨʌX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/	/t͡ʃʰiɔX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆X/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/	/t͡ʃʰiɔX/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/	/t͡ʃʰĭoX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯woX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng	chǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1	co2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]reŋ  s.r̥aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*keŋ  sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	荊	楚
Reading #	1/1	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng	chǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›	‹ tsrhjoX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]reŋ/	/*s.r̥aʔ/
English	briar	name of a state
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	荊	楚
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	6851	11781
Phonetic component	井	疋
Rime group	耕	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	驚	楚
Old Chinese	/*keŋ/	/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Proper noun

荊楚

1. (historical) Alternative name for 楚國／楚国 (Chǔguó), the state of Chu in ancient China.
2. (literary) the territory and cultural area of the former state of Chu, roughly corresponding with present-day Hubei