複

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See also: 复 and 復
複 U+8907, 複
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8907
← 褆
[U+8906] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 褈 →
[U+8908]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

複 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 中人日水 (LOAE), four-corner 38247, composition ⿰衤复)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1120, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34417
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1587, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3103, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8907

Chinese[edit]

trad. 複
simp. 复*
alternative forms 𧜰

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 複
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buɡs, *puɡ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ, “to return”) – lined garment.

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ, “to return; again”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

覆 (OC *pʰuɡ, “to turn over; to overturn”) is an aspiration causative/iterative form of 複 (OC *puɡ), hence literally "to make something double over".

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hók - literary;
  • bô - vernacular "again".
Rime
Character 複 複
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 東 (4)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 扶富切 方六切
Baxter bjuwH pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨuH/ /pɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biuH/ /piuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biəuH/ /piuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buwH/ /puwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/biuH/ /piuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭəuH/ /pĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ə̯uH/ /pi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fòu fu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		fau6 fuk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 複
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*p(r)uk/
English double, lined (garment)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 複 複
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 3539 3544
Phonetic
component 		复 复
Rime
group 		奧 覺
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		復 福
Old
Chinese 		/*buɡs/ /*puɡ/

Definitions[edit]

複

  1. (literary) lined garment
  2. to repeat; to double; to overlap
  3. duplicate; double; overlapping
  4. complex
  5. again
    複檢／复检  ―  fùjiǎn  ―  to double-check

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

複

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Kanji in this term
複
ふく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

複(ふく) • (fuku) 

  1. Short for 複試合.
  2. Short for 複勝式.

Prefix[edit]

複(ふく) • (fuku-) 

  1. diplo-, double

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC pjuwk).

Hanja[edit]

複 (eumhun 겹칠 복 (gyeopchil bok))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”).

Etymology 2[edit]

From Middle Chinese 複 (MC bjuwH).

Hanja[edit]

複 (eumhun 겹칠 부 (gyeopchil bu))

  1. Hanja form? of 복 (“repeat, double, overlap”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

複: Hán Nôm readings: phức

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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