鑄

See also: 鋳 and 铸

鑄 U+9444, 鑄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9444 ← 鑃 [U+9443] CJK Unified Ideographs 鑅 → [U+9445]

Translingual

Traditional	鑄
Shinjitai	鋳
Simplified	铸

Han character

鑄 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+14, 22 strokes, cangjie input 金土弓戈 (CGNI), four-corner 8414₁, composition ⿰釒壽)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1324, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40972
• Dae Jaweon: page 1825, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4266, character 7
• Unihan data for U+9444

Chinese

trad.		鑄
simp.		铸
alternative forms		鋳 𨮾 𤎧 𨮚

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鑄
Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script

Characters in the same phonetic series (壽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
禱	*tuːʔ, *tuːs
擣	*tuːʔ
檮	*tuːʔ, *duː, *du
壔	*tuːʔ
懤	*tuːʔ, *du, *dus
濤	*duː, *duː
燾	*duː, *duːs
翿	*duː, *duːs
幬	*duːs, *du
儔	*duːs, *du
譸	*tu
籌	*du
疇	*du
躊	*du
燽	*du
薵	*du
魗	*tʰjuʔ, *dju
醻	*dju
壽	*djuʔ, *djus
璹	*djuʔ, *djuɡ
鑄	*tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjos) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). Historically, the glyph forms for this character used to be highly composite, with combinations of various ideogrammic (會意／会意) components, including 皿 (“container, crucible, or mould”), 火 (“fire”), 寸 (“hand”), or 𦦡 = 𦥑 (“two hands”) + 鬲 (“cauldron, container”), etc., indicating metal-casting. The phonetic value were signified by the optional component 𠃬, which also appeared in 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zyu³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chù

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
    • Wade–Giles: chu⁴
    • Yale: jù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
    • Palladius: чжу (čžu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zyu³
    • Yale: jyu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzy³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ju³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡syː³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chù
    • Tâi-lô: tsù
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zux
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡su²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡su⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡su²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡su¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsyuH

Rime
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之戍切
Baxter	tsyuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨoH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕioH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕioH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuə̆H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕioH/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zyu3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tu-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjos/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuH ›
Old Chinese	/*tu-s/ (MC F!)
English	to cast (a bronze vessel)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鑄
Reading #	1/1
No.	11710
Phonetic component	壽
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	注
Old Chinese	/*tjos/

Definitions

鑄

1. to cast; to melt; to found; to forge
2. to form; to create; to mould
3. to cultivate; to train

Compounds

• 壓鑄／压铸
• 晉鑄刑鼎／晋铸刑鼎
• 歐冶鑄劍／欧冶铸剑
• 澆鑄／浇铸 (jiāozhù)
• 白鑄鐵／白铸铁
• 研經鑄史／研经铸史
• 臨難鑄兵／临难铸兵
• 鎔鑄／镕铸
• 鑄件／铸件 (zhùjiàn)
• 鑄字／铸字
• 鑄山煮海／铸山煮海
• 鑄工／铸工
• 鑄幣局／铸币局
• 鑄成大錯／铸成大错 (zhùchéngdàcuò)
• 鑄模／铸模 (zhùmú)
• 鑄造／铸造 (zhùzào)
• 鑄鋼／铸钢
• 鑄鐵／铸铁 (zhùtiě)
• 鑄鼎象物／铸鼎象物
• 陶鎔鼓鑄／陶镕鼓铸
• 陶鑄／陶铸
• 鬥而鑄兵／斗而铸兵
• 鬥而鑄錐／斗而铸锥
• 鼓鑄／鼓铸

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	鋳
Kyūjitai	鑄

Kanji

鑄

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 鋳)

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Readings

• Go-on: す (su)
• Kan-on: しゅ (shu)
• Kan’yō-on: ちゅう (chū)^{←ちう (tiu, historical)}
• Kun: いる (iru, 鑄る)^{←いる (iru, 鑄る, historical)←𛀆る (yiru, 鑄る, ancient)}

Korean

Hanja

鑄 • (ju) (hangeul 주)

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Vietnamese

Han character

鑄: Hán Nôm readings: chú

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