霸

See also: 覇

霸 U+9738, 霸 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9738 ← 霷 [U+9737] CJK Unified Ideographs 霹 → [U+9739]

Translingual

Han character

霸 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+13, 21 strokes, cangjie input 一月廿十月 (MBTJB), four-corner 1052₇, composition ⿱⻗䩗)

Derived characters

• 壩 欛 灞 䃻 𢥻 𢺞 𤫦 𩽷(𬶻) 𬧞

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1379, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42490
• Dae Jaweon: page 1888, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4077, character 19
• Unihan data for U+9738

Chinese

trad.		霸
simp. #		霸
2nd round simp.		⿱⿻帀⿰⼂⼂巴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 霸
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (霸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
壩	*praːɡs
霸	*praːɡs
灞	*praːɡs
欛	*praːɡs

Etymology 1

Exoactive or transitive of 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “be the eldest”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bà (ba⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baa³
• Northern Min (KCR): ba̿
• Eastern Min (BUC): bá
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pà

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ba³

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵po; ⁵pa
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ba⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bà
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bà
    • Wade–Giles: pa⁴
    • Yale: bà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bah
    • Palladius: ба (ba)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: baa³
    • Yale: ba
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ba³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paː³³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ba̿
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bá
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pà
    • Tâi-lô: pà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pa²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pa⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pa²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pa¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pa²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ba³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pà
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵po; ⁵pa
    • MiniDict: po^去; pa^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²po; ²pa
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /po³⁴/, /pa³⁴/

Note:

• 2pa- vernacular;
• 2po - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ba⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa̠⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: paeH

Rime
Character	霸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	必駕切
Baxter	paeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠaH/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/paH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨH/
Li Rong	/paH/
Wang Li	/paH/
Bernard Karlgren	/paH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	baa3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*praːɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	霸
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bà
Middle Chinese	‹ pæH ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁrak-s/
English	have hegemony
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	霸
Reading #	1/1
No.	181
Phonetic component	霸
Rime group	暮
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	霸
Old Chinese	/*praːɡs/

Definitions

霸

1. to dominate

   • 管仲相桓公，霸諸侯，一匡天下，民到于今受其賜。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     管仲相桓公，霸诸侯，一匡天下，民到于今受其赐。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE

     Guǎn zhòng xiàng Huángōng, bà zhūhóu, yīkuāng Tiānxià, mín dào yújīn shòu qí cì. [Pinyin]

     Guan Zhong helped Duke Huan [of Qi] to dominate the various princes, thus unifying and rectifying the realm. Until now the people are still receiving the gifts of his [endeavors].

2. (historical) overlord, hegemon

   • 三王五霸，其所道不過爵祿，而功相萬者，其所道明也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     三王五霸，其所道不过爵禄，而功相万者，其所道明也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3^rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version

     Sānwáng wǔbà, qí suǒ dào bùguò juélù, ér gōng xiàng wàn zhě, qí suǒ dào míng yě. [Pinyin]

     The principle followed by the Three Kings and the Five Hegemons was no other than that of giving titles and emoluments, and the reason that people emulated each other in merit was because the principles which they followed were clear.

3. tyrant; despot; bully

   • 以力假仁者霸，霸必有大國，以德行仁者王，王不待大。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     以力假仁者霸，霸必有大国，以德行仁者王，王不待大。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Yǐlì jiǎrén zhě bà, bà bì yǒu dàguó, yǐdé xíngrén zhě wáng, wáng bù dài dà. [Pinyin]

     He who uses force while feigning humaneness is a despot; despots certainly crave large states. He who uses virtues to practice humaneness is a sovereign; sovereigns need no large states.

4. hegemony; tyranny

   • 十五年，春，復會焉，齊始霸也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     十五年，春，复会焉，齐始霸也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Shíwǔ nián, chūn, fù huì yān, qí shǐ bà yě. [Pinyin]

     In the 15th year, in spring, [the rulers] again met there. Qi exerted its hegemony for the first time.

   • 釐王三年，齊桓公始霸。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     釐王三年，齐桓公始霸。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Xīwáng sānnián, Qí Huángōng shǐ bà. [Pinyin]

     In King Xi's third year, Duke Huan of Qi exerted his hegemony for the first time.

5. to occupy; to monopolize

   霸佔／霸占  ―  bàzhàn  ―  to forcibly occupy, to seize

   霸機／霸机  ―  bàjī  ―  to stage a sit-in after a plane has landed

   霸位 [Cantonese]  ―  baa³ wai^6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to reserve a seat for someone who has not yet arrived

6. (Eastern Min) powerful; awesome; impressive

   伊野霸 [Eastern Min]  ―  ĭ iā-*bá / [i⁵⁵ ia³³⁻⁵⁵ pɑ²¹³] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]  ―  s/he is awesome

Compounds

• 一戰而霸／一战而霸
• 五霸 (wǔbà)
• 各霸一方
• 土霸王
• 壓霸／压霸 (yābà)
• 大霸尖山
• 學霸／学霸 (xuébà)
• 小霸王 (xiǎobàwáng)
• 巨毋霸 (jùwúbà)
• 巨無霸／巨无霸 (jùwúbà)
• 惡霸／恶霸 (èbà)
• 春秋五霸
• 楚霸王
• 橫行霸道／横行霸道 (héngxíngbàdào)
• 欺行霸市 (qīhángbàshì)
• 波霸 (bōbà)
• 漁霸／渔霸
• 爭霸／争霸 (zhēngbà)
• 爭霸戰／争霸战
• 獨霸／独霸 (dúbà)
• 獨霸一方／独霸一方
• 王霸
• 稱王稱霸／称王称霸 (chēngwángchēngbà)
• 稱霸／称霸 (chēngbà)
• 空中霸王
• 西楚霸王 (Xīchǔ Bàwáng)
• 謀王圖霸／谋王图霸
• 路霸 (lùbà)
• 連霸／连霸
• 雄霸一方
• 雜霸／杂霸
• 霸上
• 霸主 (bàzhǔ)
• 霸佔／霸占 (bàzhàn)
• 霸凌 (bàlíng)
• 霸功
• 霸圖／霸图
• 霸府
• 霸才
• 霸據／霸据
• 霸業／霸业 (bàyè)
• 霸機／霸机 (bàjī)
• 霸權／霸权 (bàquán)
• 霸氣／霸气 (bàqì)
• 霸王 (bàwáng)
• 霸王別姬／霸王别姬
• 霸王卸甲
• 霸王悲歌
• 霸王略
• 霸王鞭 (bàwángbiān)
• 霸王風月／霸王风月
• 霸略
• 霸突
• 霸者
• 霸術／霸术
• 霸道
• 霸都魯／霸都鲁
• 霸陵呵夜
• 霸陵尉
• 霸陵折柳
• 霸陵醉尉
• 鴨霸／鸭霸 (yābà)

 

Etymology 2

Same word as 魄 (OC *pʰraːɡ, “soul”) and cognate with 白 (OC *braːɡ, “white”) (Schuessler, 2007). Chiefly attested in Zhou-era bronze inscriptions for calendrical functions (Wang, 1923).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pò (po⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paak³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pò
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pò
    • Wade–Giles: pʻo⁴
    • Yale: pwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: poh
    • Palladius: по (po)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: paak³
    • Yale: paak
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paak⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: pag³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːk̚³/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[pʰˤ]rak/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	霸
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pò
Middle Chinese	‹ phæk ›
Old Chinese	/*[pʰˁ]rak/
English	new moon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

霸

1. (archaic, Chinese astronomy) Alternative form of 魄 (pò, “illuminated part of the moon”)
2. ^† moonlight in the beginning of a lunar month right after the new moon

Japanese

Shinjitai	覇
Kyūjitai	霸

Kanji

霸

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 覇)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: へ (he); ひゃく (hyaku)
• Kan-on: は (ha); はく (haku)
• Kun: はたがしら (hatagashira); かしら (kashira)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 파 (pa) based on Middle Chinese 霸 (MC paeH).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 방〮 (Yale: pá) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pʰɛ(ː)] ~ [pʰe̞(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [패(ː)/페(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

霸 (eumhun 으뜸 패 (eutteum pae))

1. Hanja form^? of 패 (“the best; the top; the head”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 패왕 (霸王, paewang)
• 패자 (霸者, paeja)
• 패업 (霸業, paeeop)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

霸: Hán Nôm readings: bá, phách

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.