깨닫다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆡᄃᆞᆮ다 (Yale: skoytot.ta). Formed as an intensification of ᄭᆡ다 (skoyta), modern 깨다 (kkaeda).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [k͈ɛda̠t̚t͈a̠] ~ [k͈e̞da̠t̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [깨닫따/께닫따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	kkaedatda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	kkaedadda
McCune–Reischauer?	kkaedatta
Yale Romanization?	kkaytat.ta

Verb

깨닫다 • (kkaedatda) (irregular, infinitive 깨달아, sequential 깨달으니)

1. to apprehend; to become aware of a fact

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 깨닫다 (kkaedatda): consonant-stem, ㄷ(d)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깨닫는다 kkaedanneunda	깨달아 kkaedara	깨달아요 kkaedarayo	깨닫습니다 kkaedatseumnida
	Past	깨달았다 kkaedaratda	깨달았어 kkaedarasseo	깨달았어요 kkaedarasseoyo	깨달았습니다 kkaedaratseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨닫느냐 kkaedanneunya	깨달아 kkaedara	깨달아요 kkaedarayo	깨닫습니까 kkaedatseumnikka
	Past	깨달았느냐 kkaedaranneunya	깨달았어 kkaedarasseo	깨달았어요 kkaedarasseoyo	깨달았습니까 kkaedaratseumnikka
Hortative		깨닫자 kkaedatja	깨달아 kkaedara	깨달아요 kkaedarayo	깨달으십시다 kkaedareusipsida
Imperative		깨달아라 kkaedarara	깨달아 kkaedara	깨달아요 kkaedarayo	깨달읍시오 kkaedareupsio
Assertive		깨닫겠다 kkaedatgetda	깨닫겠어 kkaedatgesseo	깨닫겠어요 kkaedatgesseoyo	깨닫겠습니다 kkaedatgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		깨달아 kkaedara	깨달아서 kkaedaraseo	깨달으니 kkaedareuni	깨달으니까 kkaedareunikka
Contrast		깨닫지만 kkaedatjiman	깨닫는데 kkaedanneunde	깨닫더니 kkaedatdeoni
Conjunction		깨닫고 kkaedatgo
Condition		깨달으면 kkaedareumyeon	깨달아야 kkaedaraya
Motive		깨달으려고 kkaedareuryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		깨달음 kkaedareum	깨닫기 kkaedatgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깨달았음 kkaedarasseum	깨달았기 kkaedaratgi
Determiners	Past	깨달은 kkaedareun
	Present	깨닫는 kkaedanneun
	Future	깨달을 kkaedareul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	깨달으신다 kkaedareusinda	깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo	깨달으세요, 깨달으셔요 kkaedareuseyo, kkaedareusyeoyo	깨달으십니다 kkaedareusimnida
	Past	깨달으셨다 kkaedareusyeotda	깨달으셨어 kkaedareusyeosseo	깨달으셨어요 kkaedareusyeosseoyo	깨달으셨습니다 kkaedareusyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	깨달으시느냐 kkaedareusineunya	깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo	깨달으세요, 깨달으셔요 kkaedareuseyo, kkaedareusyeoyo	깨달으십니까 kkaedareusimnikka
	Past	깨달으셨느냐 kkaedareusyeonneunya	깨달으셨어 kkaedareusyeosseo	깨달으셨어요 kkaedareusyeosseoyo	깨달으셨습니까 kkaedareusyeotseumnikka
Imperative		깨달으시라 kkaedareusira	깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo	깨달으세요 kkaedareuseyo	깨달으십시오 kkaedareusipsio
Assertive		깨달으시겠다 kkaedareusigetda	깨달으시겠어 kkaedareusigesseo	깨달으시겠어요 kkaedareusigesseoyo	깨달으시겠습니다 kkaedareusigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo	깨달으셔서 kkaedareusyeoseo	깨달으시니 kkaedareusini	깨달으시니까 kkaedareusinikka
Contrast		깨달으시지만 kkaedareusijiman	깨달으시는데 kkaedareusineunde	깨달으시더니 kkaedareusideoni
Conjunction		깨달으시고 kkaedareusigo
Condition		깨달으시면 kkaedareusimyeon	깨달으셔야 kkaedareusyeoya
Motive		깨달으시려고 kkaedareusiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		깨달으심 kkaedareusim	깨달으시기 kkaedareusigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		깨달으셨음 kkaedareusyeosseum	깨달으셨기 kkaedareusyeotgi
Determiners	Past	깨달으신 kkaedareusin
	Present	깨달으시는 kkaedareusineun
	Future	깨달으실 kkaedareusil

References

• National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 4 (last accessed)) “깨닫다 [kkaedatda]”, in 표준국어대사전 [pyojun'gugeodaesajeon]‎^[1]