조심하다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
조심(操心) (josim) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕo̞(ː)ɕʰimɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [조(ː)심하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | josimhada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | josimhada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | chosimhada |
| Yale Romanization? | cōsimhata |
Verb[edit]
조심하다 • (josimhada) (infinitive 조심해 or 조심하여, sequential 조심하니)
- (transitive or intransitive) to be careful, beware, watch
Conjugation[edit]
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 조심한다 josimhanda |
조심해 josimhae |
조심해요 josimhaeyo |
조심합니다 josimhamnida |
| Past | 조심했다 josimhaetda |
조심했어 josimhaesseo |
조심했어요 josimhaesseoyo |
조심했습니다 josimhaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 조심하느냐 josimhaneunya |
조심해 josimhae |
조심해요 josimhaeyo |
조심합니까 josimhamnikka |
| Past | 조심했느냐 josimhaenneunya |
조심했어 josimhaesseo |
조심했어요 josimhaesseoyo |
조심했습니까 josimhaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 조심하자 josimhaja |
조심해 josimhae |
조심해요 josimhaeyo |
조심하십시다 josimhasipsida | |
| Imperative | 조심해라, 조심하여라 josimhaera, josimhayeora |
조심해 josimhae |
조심해요 josimhaeyo |
조심합시오 josimhapsio | |
| Assertive | 조심하겠다 josimhagetda |
조심하겠어 josimhagesseo |
조심하겠어요 josimhagesseoyo |
조심하겠습니다 josimhagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 조심해 josimhae |
조심해서, 조심하여서 josimhaeseo, josimhayeoseo |
조심하니 josimhani |
조심하니까 josimhanikka | |
| Contrast | 조심하지만 josimhajiman |
조심하는데 josimhaneunde |
조심하더니 josimhadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 조심하고 josimhago |
||||
| Condition | 조심하면 josimhamyeon |
조심해야, 조심하여야 josimhaeya, josimhayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 조심하려고 josimharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 조심함 josimham |
조심하기 josimhagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 조심했음, 조심하였음 josimhaesseum, josimhayeosseum |
조심했기, 조심하였기 josimhaetgi, josimhayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 조심한 josimhan | |||
| Present | 조심하는 josimhaneun | ||||
| Future | 조심할 josimhal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 조심하신다 josimhasinda |
조심하셔 josimhasyeo |
조심하세요, 조심하셔요 josimhaseyo, josimhasyeoyo |
조심하십니다 josimhasimnida |
| Past | 조심하셨다 josimhasyeotda |
조심하셨어 josimhasyeosseo |
조심하셨어요 josimhasyeosseoyo |
조심하셨습니다 josimhasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 조심하시느냐 josimhasineunya |
조심하셔 josimhasyeo |
조심하세요, 조심하셔요 josimhaseyo, josimhasyeoyo |
조심하십니까 josimhasimnikka |
| Past | 조심하셨느냐 josimhasyeonneunya |
조심하셨어 josimhasyeosseo |
조심하셨어요 josimhasyeosseoyo |
조심하셨습니까 josimhasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 조심하시라 josimhasira |
조심하셔 josimhasyeo |
조심하세요 josimhaseyo |
조심하십시오 josimhasipsio | |
| Assertive | 조심하시겠다 josimhasigetda |
조심하시겠어 josimhasigesseo |
조심하시겠어요 josimhasigesseoyo |
조심하시겠습니다 josimhasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 조심하셔 josimhasyeo |
조심하셔서 josimhasyeoseo |
조심하시니 josimhasini |
조심하시니까 josimhasinikka | |
| Contrast | 조심하시지만 josimhasijiman |
조심하시는데 josimhasineunde |
조심하시더니 josimhasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 조심하시고 josimhasigo |
||||
| Condition | 조심하시면 josimhasimyeon |
조심하셔야 josimhasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 조심하시려고 josimhasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 조심하심 josimhasim |
조심하시기 josimhasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 조심하셨음 josimhasyeosseum |
조심하셨기 josimhasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 조심하신 josimhasin | |||
| Present | 조심하시는 josimhasineun | ||||
| Future | 조심하실 josimhasil | ||||