祝

See also: ㈷ and ㊗

祝	U+795D, 祝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795D

← 祜
[U+795C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

神 →
[U+795E]

祝	U+FA51, 祝 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA51

← 祖
[U+FA50]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

禍 →
[U+FA52]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

祝 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈火口竹山 (IFRHU), four-corner 3621₀, composition ⿰礻兄(GHTJV) or ⿰示兄(K or U+FA51))

Derived characters[edit]

𠺷, 𣘌, 𨃷, 𤹙, 𡎺

References[edit]

Kangxi Dictionary: page 842, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24672
Dae Jaweon: page 1260, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2393, character 1
Unihan data for U+795D

Unihan data for U+FA51

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		祝
alternative forms		𩚶𥘱

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 祝
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (祝) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
祝	tjuɡs, tjuɡ
呪	*tjus
咒	*tjus
柷	tjuɡ, tʰjuɡ

Ideogram (指事) – a man kneeling with open mouth (兄) next to an altar (示).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhù (zhu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zuk¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zuuk²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chuk

(Meixian, Guangdong): zug⁵
Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̆
Eastern Min (BUC): cé̤ṳk
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiok

(Teochew, Peng'im): zog⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷tsoq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
  - Wade–Giles: chu⁴
  - Yale: jù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
  - Palladius: чжу (čžu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zuk¹
  - Yale: jūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: zug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zuuk²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɵk̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: zug`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: zug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊk̚¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cé̤ṳk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søyʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
  - Tâi-lô: tsiok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sok̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁷tsoq
  - MiniDict: tsoh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsoq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: zhou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡səu̯²⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyuwk

Rime
Character	祝
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	之六切
Baxter	tsyuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuwk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zuk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]uk/, /*tuk/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjuɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祝	祝
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhù	zhù
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuwk ›	‹ tsyuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]uk/	/*tuk/
English	pray, recite	cut off, break
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	祝
Reading #	2/2
No.	17653
Phonetic component	祝
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	粥
Old Chinese	/*tjuɡ/

Definitions[edit]

祝

to offer good wishes
祝你身體健康！／祝你身体健康！ ― Zhù nǐ shēntǐ jiànkāng! ― I wish you good health!
(literary, or in compounds) to pray; to say prayers
祝告 ― zhùgào ― to pray
(literary) words said in a prayer in a religious ceremony
(literary) wizard; warlock; sorcerer
(literary) temple attendant who burns joss sticks and candles
(literary) to break off; to cut off; to sever
a surname
祝允明 ― Zhù Yǔnmíng ― Zhu Yunming

Synonyms[edit]

(to offer good wishes):

敬祝 (jìngzhù) (honorific)
祈望 (qíwàng)
祈願／祈愿 (qíyuàn)
祝福 (zhùfú)
祝頌／祝颂 (zhùsòng)
祝願／祝愿 (zhùyuàn)

(to pray): 祈福 (qífú)
(to break off):

斷絕／断绝 (duànjué)
絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
結絕／结绝 (jiéjué) (literary)
隔斷／隔断
隔絕／隔绝 (géjué)
隔離／隔离 (gélí)

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (祝):

→ Vietnamese: chúc (祝)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhòu (zhou⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zau³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
  - Wade–Giles: chou⁴
  - Yale: jòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
  - Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zau³
  - Yale: jau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzau³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zeo³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐu̯³³/

Middle Chinese: tsyuwH

Rime
Character	祝
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職救切
Baxter	tsyuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuw^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiu^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zau³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]uk-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjuɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	祝
Reading #	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhòu
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[t]uk-s/
English	to curse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	祝
Reading #	1/2
No.	17650
Phonetic component	祝
Rime group	奧
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	呪
Old Chinese	/*tjuɡs/
Notes	見詩，說文作詶，後作呪

Definitions[edit]

祝

Alternative form of 咒 (zhòu, “to curse”)

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	祝
Kyūjitai ^[1]^[2]	祝 `祝` or 祝+`︀`^?
	祝󠄀 祝+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	祝󠄃 祝+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

祝

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 祝)

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 祝 (MC tsyuwk):

Go-on: しゅく (shuku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: しゅく (shuku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 祝 (MC tsyuwH):

Go-on: しゅ (shu)
Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō ^†)^{←しう (siu, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: いわう (iwau, 祝う, Jōyō)^{←いはふ (ifafu, 祝ふ, historical)}; のりと (norito, 祝); はふり (hafuri, 祝)^{←はふり (fafuri, 祝, historical)}; ほうり (hōri, 祝)^{←はふり (fafuri, 祝, historical)}; ほがう (hogau, 祝う)^{←ほがふ (fogafu, 祝ふ, historical)}; ほぐ (hogu, 祝ぐ)
Nanori: い (i); いわい (iwai); とき (toki); のり (nori); のりと (norito); はじめ (hajime); ほう (hō); ほぎ (hogi); ゆわい (yuwai); よし (yoshi)

Compounds[edit]

祝福(しゅくふく) (shukufuku): a blessing
祝印(しゅういん) (shūin): a blessed seal or stamp
祝日(しゅくじつ) (shukujitsu)

Prefix[edit]

祝(しゅく) • (shuku-)

celebration of …

References[edit]

^ “祝”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎^[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024
^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1555 (paper), page 829 (digital)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

祝 (eumhun 빌 축 (bil chuk))

Hanja form^? of 축 (“wish; celebrating”).

Compounds[edit]

祝文 (축문)
祝賀 (축하)