'o

See also: Appendix:Variations of "o" and ʻo

Lower Tanana

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔɔ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Athabaskan *ʔaˑ, and therefore cognate with Navajo -ʼĄ́, Ahtna ʼaa.

Root

'o

1. a compact object exists, is in position

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Momentaneous	'oyh	'onh	'oɬ	'o'
Perambulative	'oyh	'onh	'oyh	'oyh
Neuter	'onh	o'	'oɬ	'oɬ
Persistive	'ox	'ox	'ox	'ox
Progressive	'oɬ	—	—	—

Derived terms

• bethghe'oɬ (“to fly in a flock or gyre”)
• det'oni (“peregrine falcon”)
• dhe'oni (“rock”)
• dhe'onh (“a compact object exists, is in position”, dh-neuter, ∅-gender)
• i'oyi (“boil”)
• nadh'onh (“a compact round object exists, is in position”, dh-neuter, n-gender)
• tach'enatht'onh (“December”)
• tadhe'oni (“fishtrap”)
• tthi'oɬ (“pillow”)
• xedot'onhde (“joint”)
• xudh'onh (“a location exists, is in position”, dh-neuter, xw-gender)

References

• Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 51-56

Etymology 2

From Proto-Athabaskan *ʔaˑŋʔ, and therefore cognate with Navajo -ʼĄĄD.

Root

'o

1. to reach a limit

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Momentaneous	'oyh	'onh	'o	—
Momentaneous	'oyh	'on'	'oɬ	'oɬ

Derived terms

• nal'onh

References

• Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 56

Etymology 3

From Proto-Athabaskan *ʔa, and therefore cognate with Navajo -ʼÁ.

Root

'o

1. a linear object or landform extends

Stem set

Aspect	Imperfective	Perfective	Future	Optative
Neuter	'o	'o'	'oɬ	'o'
Momentaneous	'oyh	'o'	'oɬ	'o'
Transitional	—	'o'	—	—
Customary	'oyh	'ok	'oyh	'oyh

Derived terms

• benche'ayi (“axe”)
• niɬghodat'oyi (“cross, crucifix”)
• tadle'o (“it is respected”)
• tal'o (“it is long”, ∅-gender)
• tanal'o (“it is long”, n-gender)
• tani'oyi (“long-handled pike”)
• tedal'o (“it is long”, d-gender)
• to'oyi (“paddle”)
• dranh tadle'oyi (“holidays, Christmas”)
• tth'idh'o (“it is straight”)
• tth'idadh'o (“it is straight (d-gender”)
• tth'idal'o (“it is straight”, t-)
• xwda'o

References

• Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 58-59

Etymology 4

From Proto-Athabaskan *ʔaˑ and *ʔən.

Postposition

'o

1. beyond

Derived terms

• -'ena' (“off, away”)
• 'ogha (“near, close”)
• -'ogw (“area outside”)
• -'ot (“at a place off, away”)
• de'ogw (“at times”)
• ena' (“don't”)
• enshuya' (“leave it be”)
• ghe'en (“deceased person”)
• ghonh'ot (“off from”)
• o (“let it go”)
• odenh (“all the time”)
• odi (“every”)
• Otno' (“Copper River”)
• ox (“away”)
• xw'ogha (“nearby”)

References

• Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, pages 46-49

Neapolitan

Alternative forms

• lo, o (apostrophe-free orthography)

Etymology

From Old Neapolitan lo, ultimately from Latin illum and illud. Compare Italian lo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /o/

Article

'o

1. the

Pronoun

'o

1. him (accusative)
2. it (accusative)

Coordinate terms

Neapolitan personal pronouns

			nominative	accusative	dative	reflexive	possessive	prepositional
singular	first person		io	me			mìo, mìa, miéje, mèje	me, méne
	second person	familiar	tu	te			tùjo, tója, tuóje, tòje	te, téne
		formal	vuje	ve			vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste	vuje
	third person	n	ésso	'o (lo)	lle	se	sùjo, sója, suóje, sòje	ésso
		m	ìsso	'o, 'u (lo, lu)	lle, lli			ìsso
		f	éssa	'a (la)	lle			éssa
plural	first person		nuje	nce			nuósto, nòsta, nuóste, nòste	nuje
	second person		vuje	ve			vuósto, vòsta, vuóste, vòste	vuje
	third person	n	éssa (llòro)	'a (la)	lle (llòro)	se	llòro (invariable)	éssa (llòro)
		m	ìsse (llòro)	'e, 'i (le, li)	lle, lli (llòro)			ìsse (llòro)
		f	ésse (llòro)	'e (le)	lle (llòro)			ésse (llòro)

See also

• 'a
• ô
• ll'
• 'e

O'odham

Verb

'o

1. auxiliary verb

   Gogs 'o hi꞉nk.

   The dog is/was barking.

Verb

'o

1. third-person plural imperfect indicative of 'o

Usage notes

Not to be confused with o, the future marker.

See also

O'odham auxiliary

		singular		plural
		imperfective	perfective	imperfective	perfective
first person	long	'añ	'ant	'ac	'att
	short	ñ	nt	c	tt
second person	long	'ap	'apt	'am	'amt
	short	p	pt	m	mt
third person	long	'o	'at	'o	'at
	short		t		t

References

• Zepeda, Ofelia (1983), A Tohono Oʼodham Grammar, Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, published after 1986, page 19

Samoan

Particle

'o

1. Placed at the beginning of nominative phrases to signify that they are declarative